Bio‐based glycerol plasticizers for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) blends

Abstract

A series of glycerol-based compounds were investigated for their application as plasticizers for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends. The effect of plasticizer chemical structure on the performance, migration behavior, and blend morphology were evaluated and compared to blends produced using the commercial plasticizer dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP). Blends containing 40 phr (parts per hundred rubber) of glycerol-based plasticizer showed a considerable reduction (between 54 to 86 C) in glass transition temperature (T g ) relative to neat PVC (T g ~80 C). Tensile testing of samples prepared with the glycerol analogs demonstrated higher ductility (elongation at break values of up to 97%) than DOTP (elongation at break value of 75%) at identical plasticizer loadings. The surface morphologies showed excellent incorporation of the glycerol plasticizers functionalized with alkyl chains longer than four carbons in length into the PVC matrix, whereas droplet formation was observed in blends with shorter chain glycerol derivatives. Leaching behavior of the plasticized samples were evaluated into different media and showed that plasticizers comprised of branched, or longer alkyl chains produced 2-to 4-fold lower migration rates compared to those with shorter alkyl chains into polar solutions.

Efficient biobased oligomeric plasticizers from the renewable biomonomers, glycerol and adipic acid

“…Despite this, useful plasticizing materials have been produced. [36][37][38] Two problems account for the difficulty encountered in the generation of hyperbranched polymers from glycerol. First, the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups differ as a function of position-the primary hydroxyl groups are approximately 1.4 times as reactive in esterification as is the secondary hydroxyl.…”

Further Step in the Transition from Conventional Plasticizers to Versatile Bioplasticizers Obtained by the Valorization of Levulinic Acid and Glycerol

“…Even though the length of the chains is important in inhibiting the leaching of a plasticizer, the branched structure of the additive also plays an important role in terms of limiting the migration. 56 Another important parameter to evaluate, in terms of environmental hazard, 57 is the so-called volatility. The permanence of the additive inside the polymeric matrix is a function of the vapor pressure of the molecule, which is affected by the intrinsic characteristics such as the molecular mass, structure, polarity, and the ability to establish hydrogen bonding.…”

Synthesis and evaluation of epoxidized vegetable oleic acid as a novel environmental benign plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride

“…Subsequently, the PVC samples were taken out for drying and reweighing. At last, the migration rate of these samples was calculated according to Equation (2), where W 1 = weight of the PVC sample before the test and W 2 = weight of the PVC sample after the test.…”

“…The PVC is one of the most extensively used packaging raw materials and its global production is expected to reach 59.72 million tons. However, PVC has a poor melt processability due to its close intermolecular arrangement generally, 1 so exhibiting hard and brittle properties macroscopically 2–4 . For this reason, a plasticizer is required to plasticize PVC.…”

“…However, PVC has a poor melt processability due to its close intermolecular arrangement generally, 1 so exhibiting hard and brittle properties macroscopically. [2][3][4] For this reason, a plasticizer is required to plasticize PVC. In recent decades, phthalate plasticizers have accounted for more than 80% of the plasticizer market owing to the low price, 5 good compatibility with PVC and excellent electrical resistivity.…”