Bio-Based Packaging: Materials, Modifications, Industrial Applications and Sustainability

Reichert, Corina L.; Bugnicourt, Elodie; Coltelli, Maria‐Beatrice; Cinelli, Patrizia; Lazzeri, Andrea; Canesi, Ilaria; Braca, Francesca; Martínez, Belén Monje; Alonso, Rafael; Agostinis, Lodovico; Verstichel, Steven; Six, Lasse; Mets, Steven De; Gómez, Elena Cantos; Ißbrücker, Constance; Geerinck, Ruben; Nettleton, David; Campos, Inmaculada; Sauter, Erik; Pieczyk, Pascal; Schmid, Markus

doi:10.3390/polym12071558

Cited by 282 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…Bio-based sustainable packaging aims to use renewable material sources and food and agricultural processing byproducts, which are sources that are not in competition with the food production chains (Reichert 2020). To classify the sources of materials used, we can utilize a biofuel classification, segregating first-, second-, and third-generation feedstocks.…”

Section: Sustainability and Environmental Footprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioplastic from Renewable Biomass: A Facile Solution for a Greener Environment

et al. 2021

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Environmental pollutions are increasing day by day due to more plastic application. The plastic material is going in our food chain as well as the environment employing microplastic and other plastic-based contaminants. From this point, bio-based plastic research is taking attention for a sustainable and greener environment with a lower footprint on the environment. This evaluation should be made considering the whole life cycle assessment of the proposed technologies to make a whole range of biomaterials. Bio-based and biodegradable bioplastics can have similar features as conventional plastics while providing extra returns because of their low carbon footprint as long as additional features in waste management, like composting. Interest in competitive biodegradable materials is growing to limit environmental pollution and waste management problems. Bioplastics are defined as plastics deriving from biological sources and formed from renewable feedstocks or by a variation of microbes, owing to the ability to reduce the environmental effect. The research and development in this field of bio-renewable resources can seriously lead to the adoption of a low-carbon economy in medical, packaging, structural and automotive engineering, just to mention a few. This review aims to give a clear insight into the research, application opportunities, sourcing and sustainability, and environmental footprint of bioplastics production and various applications. Bioplastics are manufactured from polysaccharides, mainly starch-based, proteins, and other alternative carbon sources, such as algae or even wastewater treatment byproducts. The most known bioplastic today is thermoplastic starch, mainly as a result of enzymatic bioreactions. In this work, the main applications of bioplastics are accounted. One of them being food applications, where bioplastics seem to meet the food industry concerns about many the packaging-related issues and appear to play an important part for the whole food industry sustainability, helping to maintain high-quality standards throughout the whole production and transport steps, translating into cleaner and smarter delivery chains and waste management. High perspectives resides in agricultural and medical applications, while the number of fields of applications grows constantly, for example, structural engineering and electrical applications. As an example, bio-composites, even from vegetable oil sources, have been developed as fibers with biodegradable features and are constantly under research.

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Section: Sustainability and Environmental Footprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioplastic from Renewable Biomass: A Facile Solution for a Greener Environment

et al. 2021

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“…Sustainability, i.e., using local bio-based resources or carbon capture and biodegradability, have become the most important factors, helping to identify biopolymers from fossil fuel-based polymers. Biodegradable biopolymers can be synthesized from renewable resources, can be used to replace fossil fuel-based-polymers, and are highly demanded where plastic pollution occurs [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. When compared to fossil fuel-based compounds, the use of natural starting materials for the preparation of bio-based products may result in materials with similar or even improved properties [ 73 ].…”

Section: Application Of Bio-based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plastic is most often the material of choice for the packaging of food, cosmetics, or pharmaceutical products because of its low cost, light weight, and the excellent protection provided to the packaged product. Even biopolymers are still a niche, although the demand for bio-based materials for packaging is expected to grow to 9.45 million tons by 2023 [ 71 ]. Some of the biopolymers used in packaging industry are poly(lactic acid) (PLA) [ 72 ], cellulose acetate and cellulose derivates [ 79 ], polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) [ 80 ], proteins [ 81 , 82 ], polybutylene succinate (PBS) [ 83 , 84 ], lipids, and waxes [ 85 ] and starch [ 86 , 87 ] Besides packaging application, bioplastics and bio-composites can be used in building and construction materials, and the biomedical, automotive, and textile industries [ 70 ].…”

Section: Application Of Bio-based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Spinning of Biopolymer Fibers from Starch

et al. 2021

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Increasing interest in bio-based polymers and fibers has led to the development of several alternatives to conventional plastics and fibers made of these materials. Biopolymer fibers can be made from renewable, environmentally friendly resources and can be fully biodegradable. Biogenic resources with a high content of carbohydrates such as starch-containing plants have huge potentials to substitute conventional synthetic plastics in a number of applications. Much literature is available on the production and modification of starch-based fibers and blends of starch with other polymers. Chemistry and structure–property relationships of starch show that it can be used as an attractive source of raw material which can be exploited for conversion into a number of high-value bio-based products. In this review, possible spinning techniques for the development of virgin starch or starch/polymer blend fibers and their products are discussed. Beneficiation of starch for the development of bio-based fibers can result in the sustainable replacement of oil-based high-value materials with cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and abundant products.

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“…In this study, we investigated the applicability of enzymatic catalysis by CALB to melt polycondensation for preparation of poly(butylene adipate (PBA) and PBS. Biodegradability, relatively good mechanical properties and processability make these aliphatic polyesters useful for a variety of industrial, medical, and agricultural applications, e.g., in different areas ranging from food packaging, fiber/textile, electrics and electronics, and agricultural mulch films [54][55][56][57]. Melt polycondensation is the most important method for polyester synthesis [58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(alkylene succinate)s: Influence of Reaction Conditions

et al. 2021

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Application of lipases (preferentially Candida antarctica Lipase B, CALB) for melt polycondensation of aliphatic polyesters by transesterification of activated dicarboxylic acids with diols allows to displace toxic metal and metal oxide catalysts. Immobilization of the enzyme enhances the activity and the temperature range of use. The possibility to use enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation in melt is studied and compared to results of polycondensations in solution. The experiments show that CALB successfully catalyzes polycondensation of both, divinyladipate and dimethylsuccinate, respectively, with 1,4-butanediol. NMR spectroscopy, relative molar masses obtained by size exclusion chromatography, MALDI-TOF MS and wide-angle X-ray scattering are employed to compare the influence of synthesis conditions for poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). It is shown that the enzymatic activity of immobilized CALB deviates and influences the molar mass. CALB-catalyzed polycondensation of PBA in solution for 24 h at 70 °C achieves molar masses of up to Mw~60,000 g/mol, higher than reported previously and comparable to conventional PBA, while melt polycondensation resulted in a moderate decrease of molar mass to Mw~31,000. Enzymatically catalyzed melt polycondensation of PBS yields Mw~23,400 g/mol vs. Mw~40,000 g/mol with titanium(IV)n-butoxide. Melt polycondensation with enzyme catalysis allows to reduce the reaction time from days to 3-4 h.

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Bio-Based Packaging: Materials, Modifications, Industrial Applications and Sustainability

Cited by 282 publications

References 180 publications

Bioplastic from Renewable Biomass: A Facile Solution for a Greener Environment

Bioplastic from Renewable Biomass: A Facile Solution for a Greener Environment

Review on Spinning of Biopolymer Fibers from Starch

Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(alkylene succinate)s: Influence of Reaction Conditions

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