Bio-based poly(butylene terephthalate) copolyesters containing bicyclic diacetalized galactitol and galactaric acid: Influence of composition on properties

Chemical Structure and Microstructure of Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s, their Copolyesters, and their Blends as Studied by NMR

“…Above T g , the polyester tends to lose stiffness and dimensional stability if no fillers are added, which makes it less suitable for applications involving elevated temperatures. Copolymerization with structurally stiff diols has been the approach of choice to address this problem . However, copolymerization entails a significant reduction in the crystallinity and crystallizability of PBT, which is in most cases undesirable.…”

Modification of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) with 1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene: Influence of composition on mechanical and barrier properties

“…Unfortunately, its T g was decreased to only M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT toughness of aliphatic polyesters. For example, the cyclic diol, 2,3:4,5-di-O-methylene-galactitol (Galx) and 2,4:3,5-di-O-methylene-D-mannitol (Manx) have been employed to improve the polyesters chain stiff so as to enhance their T g and mechanical properties [33][34][35][36]. The bio-based isosorbide has also been used as the monomers to modify polyesters [37][38].…”

Production and applications of carbohydrate-derived sugar acids as generic biobased chemicals

“…Aldonic acids Metal carriers in biomedical applications (Escandar & Sala, 1992;Junicke et al, 2000) Metal complexing in removal of heavy metals from soil or waste streams Fischer & Bipp, 2002;Fischer et al, 1998) Sequestering agents in detergent builders (Abbadi et al, 1999) Concrete corrosion inhibition (Miksic et al, 1997) Water reducers in concrete (Chun et al, 2006) Antimicrobial agents in hygiene articles (Nemeth et al, 2010) pH Regulation in food industry (McIntyre, 1990;Buytendorp & Zenger, 1988) Oxidation reduction in food industry (Weiss & Todd, 1992) Carcinogen reduction in cooked of food (Tomoda et al, 2004) Silicone surfactants (Henkensmeier et al, 2004b) Uronic acids Metal carriers in biomedical applications (Escandar & Sala, 1992 (Henkensmeier et al, 2004a(Henkensmeier et al, , 2005 Polyesters (PBT-replacement) (Lavilla et al, 2011(Lavilla et al, , 2012) Crosslinkers in hydrogels (Andrews et al, 2011;Pohjanlehto et al, 2011) Production of adipic acid (Boussie et al, 2010) Production of FDCA (terephthalic acid replacement) (Haworth et al, 1945;Taguchi et al, 2008) Metal carriers in biomedical applications (Dornyei et al, 2004) Metal complexing in removal of heavy metals from soil or waste streams Fischer & Bipp, 2002;Fischer et al, 1998) Sequestering agents in detergent builders (Abbadi et al, 1999) Antimicrobial agents in hygiene articles (Nemeth et al, 2010) Corrosion inhibition in deicing liquids (Koefod, 2007) investigations a few decades later by Ogata et al (1980). More recently, Kiely et al have investigated polyamides of various unprotected aldarate esters and ammonium salts (Kiely et al, , 2009.…”

“…Various methods have been used to protect these excess hydroxyl functionalities. A bicyclic meso-galactaric acid derivative dimethyl 2:3,4:5-di-Omethylene galactarate has been utilized in the synthesis of polyesters (Lavilla et al, 2011(Lavilla et al, , 2012 which are analogous to aromatic polyesters, for example, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), used in various consumer and engineering applications.…”