“…To address the limitations of conventional techniques for immunosensing, optical fiber sensors, including interferometric fiber-optic sensors [ 14 ], microfiber Bragg gratings [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBG) [ 19 ], surface polarized resonance (SPR) [ 20 , 21 ], and long-period fiber gratings (LPFG) [ 22 , 23 ], were proposed as a biophotonic platform for antibody–antigen interaction monitoring and specific biomolecules’ detection. Among them, LPFGs with various structures and surface modifications were of great interest as immunosensors due to their high sensitivity, outstanding mechanical structure, easy fabrication, good biocompatibility, and free-label detection [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”