Bio‐Cyber‐Physical Systems: from concepts to human‐systems integration engineering

Abstract

Engineering a technical system that must be coupled to humans is generally a tough task. One of the main reasons is that two systems, different by nature, must be coupled. Even if, there has been a strong effort to include Human factors in engineering processes, there is still a lot of issues to tackle with. Indeed, the adaptation of technical centered engineering processes to human concerns is not necessary the best solution. The Human‐machine design process requires then to consider the system as a whole and not as a composition of heterogenous elements. This is the key towards efficient and adaptative systems. The goal of the paper is both a conceptual and theoretical effort to ground Human‐Systems Integration as a discipline_and to propose a framework aimed at helping the engineering of Bio‐Cyber‐Physical Systems (Bio‐CPS).