Bio-graphene production from oil palm shell waste valorised through sequential thermal and catalytic means

Amzar, A. Amir; Nurhafizah, M.D.; Omar, M.R.; Abdullah, Nurhayati; Ul-Hamid, A.

doi:10.1016/j.cartre.2022.100225

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This is to vary the gas composition inside the furnace. In this study, the temperatures were varied to 800 o C and 900 o C because of the optimal temperatures for graphene production from palm oil waste are normally around 900 o C [16,17,19,22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and characterization of graphene film using biogas derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method

Zainal,

Ayob,

Rozhan

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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This study aims to fabricate graphene films using biogas derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as carbon precursors using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method under various conditions. The fabricated graphene films were deposited on copper substrates at different temperatures and gas compositions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman Spectroscopy, and the I-V test were used to analyze and characterize the properties of the fabricated film. From the characterization results, SEM images of films grown at 800°C (without additional H2 gas), and 900°C (without additional H2 gas) show a not so well-defined hexagonal domain shape with non-uniform morphology with variations in domain shape and orientation, while Raman spectra show it has only the D band and G band which are attributed to graphene oxide. On the other hand, at 900°C (with additional H2 gas), the SEM image shows more defined hexagonal domain shape and variations in domain shape and orientation, as well as the D, G and 2D band on the Raman spectra, which are like graphene with defects structure. Hence, it is concluded that graphene film was successfully produced at 900°C with additional H2 gas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Azahar et. al has fabricated bio-graphene using CVD pyrolysis with thermal manipulated technique from oil palm shells (OPS) waste [19]. Rahman et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of graphene film using biogas derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method

Zainal,

Ayob,

Rozhan

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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show abstract

“…The shape of OPS varies from angular to polygonal depending on nut breaking methods. The shape, surface texture, size, and thickness of OPS are important factors in determining the behavior of aggregates in both plastic and hardened states, affecting workability, water requirements, cement content, as well as strength and durability [23]. The physical properties of OPS (Table 1) determines the behavior of LWA obtained from the palm oil industry.…”

Section: Oil Palm Shell Generation and Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6], [22]. OPS shape differs between flaky irregular, angular and polygonal with high flakiness index of about 65 % [23]. Figure 6 shows the diverse sizes of uncrushed and crushed OPS.…”

Section: Oil Palm Shell Generation and Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Oil Palm Shell as Aggregate in Concrete: A Review

Ahmad @ Mohd Din,

Muthusamy,

Embong

et al. 2024

Constr.

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The consideration of using alternative materials as coarse aggregates in construction industry is to conserve the natural resources, reduce undesirable carbon dioxide (CO2) and environmental degradation related to conventional aggregate. Oil palm shell (OPS) which is a by-product from oil palm industry has shown potentials as an alternative to the conventional aggregate in concrete production. This paper reviews the previous studies on the application of OPS as a construction material and has been extensively used in tropical countries. The performance of OPS meets the minimum requirements for lightweight aggregates. It is suitable material for the production of structural lightweight aggregate concrete with 28-day compressive strength more than 25 MPa. The various improvement techniques employed OPS concrete that resulted in improved OPS concrete performance are also highlighted in this review.

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“…Therefore, this research uses natural bio-materials as a biocatalyst, namely sago waste characterized and activated with ethanol, to become nano activated bio-carbon (NABc). The choice of NABc as a catalyst is due to its unique structure, composed of carbon chains, hydroxyl groups (OH), and aromatic rings, which have great potential to improve fuel performance [6], [28]. In addition, using micron-sized particles in fuel can cause aggregation and clustering in the fuel due to differences in mass and volume [29], thus dispersing micron-sized particles into liquid fuel [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing of Nano Activated Bio-Carbon of Sago Waste as a Homogeneous Combustion Catalyst

Nanlohy,

Riupassa,

Setiyo

2024

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Alternative fuels were developed by blending crude coconut oil and bio-carbon nanoparticles. Bio-carbon, derived from sago waste via pyrolysis and ground using a ball mill, underwent FTIR testing to assess its energy absorption capabilities. SEM analysis was conducted to examine the surface morphology of bio-catalyst with and without crude coconut oil. The findings indicate that incorporating bio-catalyst can enhance mechanical properties, facilitating rapid heat absorption, as evidenced by reduced flashpoint and viscosity. In addition, the results show an increase in fuel mass, broadening of molecular contacts, increased reactivity, and increased heat absorption for easier ignition. This phenomenon indicates that bio-carbon of sago waste have great potential for biofuel use as a homogeneous combustion catalyst.

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Bio-graphene production from oil palm shell waste valorised through sequential thermal and catalytic means

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Preparation and characterization of graphene film using biogas derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method

Preparation and characterization of graphene film using biogas derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method

Recycling of Oil Palm Shell as Aggregate in Concrete: A Review

Characterizing of Nano Activated Bio-Carbon of Sago Waste as a Homogeneous Combustion Catalyst

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