Bio-hydrogen production from tempeh and tofu processing wastes via fermentation process using microbial consortium: A mini-review

Abstract

Abstract. One of alternative energies that can replace fossil fuels is hydrogen. Hydrogen can be used to generate electricity and to power combustion engines for transportation. Bio-hydrogen produced from tempeh and tofu processing waste can be considered as a renewable energy. Bio-hydrogen produced from tempeh and tofu processing waste is beneficial because the waste of soybean straw and tofu processing waste is plentiful, cheap, renewable and biodegradable. Specification of tempeh and tofu processing waste were soybean straw and sludge of tofu processing. They contain carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and methane. This paper reviews the optimal condition to produce bio-hydrogen from tempeh and tofu processing waste. The production of bio-hydrogen used microbial consortium which were enriched from cracked cereals and mainly dominated by Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium roseum. The production process of bio-hydrogen from tempeh and tofu processing waste used acid pre-treatment with acid catalyzed hydrolysis to cleave the bond of hemicellulose and cellulose chains contained in biomass. The optimal production of bio-hydrogen has a yield of 6-6.8 mL/g at 35-60 o C, pH 5.5-7 in hydraulic retention time (HRT) less than 16 h. The production used a continuous system in an anaerobic digester. This condition can be used as a reference for the future research.

Tempeh: A semicentennial review on its health benefits, fermentation, safety, processing, sustainability, and affordability

“…TiO 2 -N/bentonite-alginate can also be used to Winarno et al, 1985) decompose tempeh waste water for approximately 53.66% degradation (Nisaa et al, 2018). For large-scale tempeh industries that include soybean harvesting, up to 6.8 mL of biohydrogen can be generated from each gram of soybean straw and sludge, which contain carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and methane that can be digested using microbial consortiums consisting of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium roseum in an anaerobic digester (Rengga et al, 2017). Waste from small-scale tempeh industries can be mixed with household waste and digested using a biogas balloon digester to produce biogas and fertilizer (Puspawati et al, 2019).…”

Fuel cells power food operations

“…Looking further ahead, researchers are generating hydrogen from tempeh and tofu processing waste [ 1 ] and have investigated sources, such as peanut shells [ 2 ] and even candy [ 3 ] . A winery in California is already using naturally‐occurring bacteria and a small amount of electricity to extract hydrogen from the wastewater it generates from wine making.…”