Bio-Indication Manifestation in Plantations of Polyprotective Forest Strips as a Consequence of Environmental Pollution by Measures of Agricultural Intensification

Abstract

A promising type of bioindicators in agro-ecosystems can be field protection forest strips, which are closely adjacent to crops and are often themselves contaminated due to the ingress of mineral fertilizers and pesticides on the leaves or in the sub-stem layer of the soil, and during mechanical tillage, they are subject to significant pollination. Among perennial plants, leaves are the sensory organ for bioindication. Under the influence of anthropogenic pollution, the morphology of leaves in plantations can change, in particular its asymmetry, the surface area of the leaf blade decreases, chlorosis, necrosis, premature yellowing and falling of leaves, their deformation, twisting, the appearance of spots, and others occur. The purpose of the research is to identify the bioindicative manifestation of the tree-shrub vegetation of the field protection forest strips by the nature of leaf suppression as a result of environmental pollution by measures of agricultural intensification, in particular, the use of chemical agents in the cultivation of the most common agricultural crops. When observing plants of field protection forest strips to detect bioindicative reactions of leaves to pollution of agroecosystems, it is advisable to use Tatar honeysuckle and common maple to detect necrosis; white acacia, common hornbeam, common maple and common ash - to detect chlorosis; ordinary maple - to detect premature yellowing of leaves. Intensive pollution of the environment due to the use of chemicals in the cultivation of corn can be detected by the manifestation of necrosis and/or premature yellowing of leaves in common maple trees, as well as by the manifestation of leaf chlorosis in hornbeam. Pollution of the environment due to the use of chemicals in the cultivation of sunflower can be detected by the manifestation of chlorosis on the leaves of common maple and common ash. Pollution of the environment due to the use of chemicals during the cultivation of winter wheat can be detected by the manifestation of leaf necrosis in Tatar honeysuckle and/or chlorosis of white acacia leaves. The greatest manifestation of the degradation of the tree-shrub-herbaceous vegetation of the field protection forest strips was observed near the corn and winter wheat crops and corresponded to the "healthy - weakened" indicator with 0-30% tree damage.