Bio-Nanocarriers for Lung Cancer Management: Befriending the Barriers

Abstract

Lung cancer is a complex thoracic malignancy developing consequential to aberrations in a myriad of molecular and biomolecular signaling pathways. It is one of the most lethal forms of cancers accounting to almost 1.8 million new annual incidences, bearing overall mortality to incidence ratio of 0.87. The dismal prognostic scenario at advanced stages of the disease and metastatic/resistant tumor cell populations stresses the requisite of advanced translational interdisciplinary interventions such as bionanotechnology. This review article deliberates insights and apprehensions on the recent prologue of nanobioengineering and bionanotechnology as an approach for the clinical management of lung cancer. The role of nanobioengineered (bio-nano) tools like bio-nanocarriers and nanobiodevices in secondary prophylaxis, diagnosis, therapeutics, and theranostics for lung cancer management has been discussed. Bioengineered, bioinspired, and biomimetic bio-nanotools of considerate translational value have been reviewed. Perspectives on existent oncostrategies, their critical comparison with bio-nanocarriers, and issues hampering their clinical bench side to bed transformation have also been summarized.

Delivery of therapeutic small interfering RNA: The current patent-based landscape

“…Biocarriers are bioengineered, bioinspired, biogenic, biomimicking, or biohybrid nanocarriers, cells, or vesicles that employ biological, biomimetic, bioinspired, or bioderived moieties as vectors. 33 For example, biocarriers can be cell-penetrating peptides, DNA nanocages, extracellular vesicles, and so on. For patents that mention viral or non-viral vectors without going into specifics (e.g., WO2009033027A2, which simply states that nucleic acid molecules were delivered via viral or non-viral vectors [Claims #5]), an “others” category was used.…”

“…Biocarriers are of interest due to their unique advantages like high biocompatibility and biodegradability. 33 However, the clinical transformation of these formulations remains a challenge because of the difficulties associated with their active targeting ability.…”

The Nanosystems Involved in Treating Lung Cancer

“…One might find it interesting that even the most recent reference reviews [ 171 , 172 ] on the specific theme of nanocarriers suitable for lung cancer treatment recognize the great number of doubts and burdens that are still to be considered in this niched research area. At the moment, only a few experiments have apparently been conducted with the specific aim of targeting lung cancer via nanoparticles, with the great majority of them focusing rather on the usage of these nano-sized carriers in oncology therapies [ 173 ]. However, clear paths and perspectives are already shaped and offer important glimpses of hope for the future.…”

Bioinspired and biomimetic MXene-based structures with fascinating properties: recent advances

“…[24][25][26][27][28][29] The construction of new micro and nanostructures with unique features, especially those inspired by nature, has always garnered the attention of scientists; assorted nature-enthused structures with high activity have been explored comprising bioinspired polymeric woods, lotus-leaf-like super-hydrophobic surfaces, and nacre-like structures. [30][31][32][33] The development of bioinspired and biomimetic (nano)structures embrace various fields of application such as drug/gene delivery, healing biological systems, textile industries (e.g., bioinspired fur from the polar bear), and waterproof effect (lotus leaf). 34,35 These materials have shown suitable advantages of cost-effectiveness and environment-friendliness as compared to other available ones.…”