Bio-oil from hydro-liquefaction of Dunaliella salina over Ni/REHY catalyst

Hydro-liquefaction of sawdust and its three components in supercritical ethanol with [BMIM]Cl/NiCl 2 catalyst

“…Additionally, it was reported that Ni-based catalyst could be utilized in the liquefaction of lignocellulose. The Ni/Raney catalyst was utilized in the hydro-liquefaction of D.salina, and the highest bio-oil yield of 72.0% could be achieved [17]. Beauchet et al observed that Nickel Raney catalyst could enhance the green wastes conversion and improve the quality of biocrude [18].…”

Methods of energy extraction from microalgal biomass: a review

“…Although biomass liquefaction has been extensively researched, microalgae have seldom been studied despite the fact that they should decompose and hydrolyse more easily than lignin containing biomass (Yang et al 2011a). The yield of biooil from the liquefaction of Dunaliella has been reported to be as much as 87 % of the weight of original microalgal organic matter (Yang et al 2011a), although this appears unrealistically high: the calculated energy is over 140 % of that in the original biomass and there appears to be ~ 24 % more carbon in bio-oil than in the original biomass.…”

“…The yield of biooil from the liquefaction of Dunaliella has been reported to be as much as 87 % of the weight of original microalgal organic matter (Yang et al 2011a), although this appears unrealistically high: the calculated energy is over 140 % of that in the original biomass and there appears to be ~ 24 % more carbon in bio-oil than in the original biomass. This may be due to a simple error in assessment methods and calculations, or may be due to a reaction between the microalgal biomass and the large quantity of ethanol (9 times the weight of wet biomass) used in the liquefaction.…”

Microalgal Biotechnology and Bioenergy in Dunaliella

“…Under such conditions, biomass production is not optimal though, reducing the non-lipid part of the biomass that can be further used as a source for co-products. Biomass has attracted more and more interests as an alternative energy source, since it is a renewable and environmentally friendly source and it fixes CO 2 in the atmosphere through photosynthesis (Yang et al, 2011). Biomass resources mainly include agricultural crops and their waste byproducts, forestry products, marine products and wastes.…”

“…Many efforts had been devoted to the search of solid acid and alkali catalysts in the transesterification of vegetable oils to bio-diesel (Singh and Fernando, 2008), and the upgrading of bio-oils (Peng et al, 2009). The solid heterogeneous catalysts were almost fully recovered from reaction products, were normally easy and safe to dispose of, more selective (Yang et al, 2011). In the industry, microalgae have been used as source for a wide variety of practical and potential metabolic products, such as food supplements, pharmacological substances, lipids, enzymes, biomass, polymers, toxins, pigments, tertiary wastewater treatment, and ''green energy''.…”