Bio-oil synthesis from cassava pulp via hydrothermal liquefaction: Effects of catalysts and operating conditions

Abstract

The influence of catalysts and operating conditions on the conversion and yield of bio-crude oil from CP via the hydrothermal liquefaction technique (HTL) were studied. HTL is commonly used to convert CP to bio-crude oil (BCO). Three independent factors—reaction temperatures (250–350 °C), reaction times (30–90 min), and CP concentrations (5–20 wt.%)—were investigated. Proximate analysis showed that CP comprises 84.61% volatile matter and 13.59% fixed carbon. The ultimate analysis demonstrated that CP has carbon and oxygen levels of 44.86% and 46.91%, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that CP begins to decompose at temperatures between 250–350 °C. The results show that KOH is the most suitable catalyst because it provides the highest BCO yield when compared to other catalysts under the same operating conditions. We found that the ideal operating conditions for maximizing BCO performance are 250 °C, pressure of 17.0 MPa, 90 min, 5 wt.%. Under these conditions, Fourier transforms infrared analysis showed that the most abundant chemical bonds found in BCO were CH3-O, CH3-C, and CH3. The findings of the CHNS analysis showed that BCO has an H/C ratio of 2.25, similar to that of petroleum and bio-diesel. Results from a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer indicate that a fatty acid group is the main component of BCO. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite from Rice Husk Silica and Food-Grade Aluminum Foil as A Catalyst for Biomass Pyrolysis

“…For the production of BCO, pyrolysis of cassava solid waste was described by several workers with various compositions. The composition encompasses acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and hydrocarbons was noted by Pattiya et al [42], composed of acids, alcohols, aldehyde, ketone, ester, ethers, and phenol was informed by Zhang et al [43], and composed of methyl cis-9octadecenoate, octadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester as the prominent constituents were detailed by Nonchana and Pianthong [44].…”

A Critical Review of Data Science Applications in Resource Recovery and Carbon Capture from Organic Waste

“…The data-driven methods applied to model hydrothermal treatment processes and predict biocrude and/or hydrochar yield included 18% (50% statistical and 50% ML methods) of all the applications reviewed in the literature (Figure a and Table S9). Among the data-driven models of hydrothermal treatment, 15% were MLR models − and 35% were MPR models ,− (Figure a and Table S9). These models were developed using primary data that involved operational parameters (e.g., temperature, residence time, biomass/water ratio) for multiple feedstocks (organic municipal solid waste, agricultural and forestry residue).…”

Prediction of Aboveground Biomass of Three Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Genotypes Using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner

“…However, only recently has it become an important food source for the global population [1]. It is estimated that over 278 million tons of cassava [2] are cultivated annually, with its yield primarily serving as a source of carbohydrates for humans and secondarily as animal feed [3]. The crop is grown in such high quantities due to its ability to thrive in marginally fertile soils and under various rainfall conditions [4].…”