Bio-optical modeling of primary production on regional scales: the Bermuda BioOptics project

Siegel, David A.; Westberry, T. K.; O'Brien, Margaret; Nelson, N. B.; Michaels, Anthony F.; Morrison, John R.; Scott, Alec J.; Caporelli, E.A; Sørensen, Jørn Nygaard; Maritorena, Stéphane; Garver, Sara A.; Brody, Eric A.; Ubante, J; Hammer, Melodie A.

doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(00)00167-3

Cited by 112 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The data were collected and processed by the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) Bermuda Bio-Optics Project. [21] Daily average and cruise average surface radiation doses were calculated from integrated SMSR data. Gaps in the data were interpolated using the best fit of a solar radiation approximation equation.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising upper-ocean sulfur dynamics near Bermuda: new lessons from 3 years of concentration and rate measurements

et al. 2016

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Environmental context. Microscopic marine organisms have the potential to influence the global climate through the production of a trace gas, dimethylsulfide, which contributes to cloud formation. Using 3 years of observations, we investigated the environmental drivers behind the production and degradation of dimethylsulfide and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate. Our results highlight the important role of the microbial community in rapidly cycling these compounds and provide an important dataset for future modelling studies.Abstract. Oceanic biogeochemical cycling of dimethylsulfide (DMS), and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), has gained considerable attention over the past three decades because of the potential role of DMS in climate mediation. Here we report 3 years of monthly vertical profiles of organic sulfur cycle concentrations (DMS, particulate DMSP (DMSPp) and dissolved DMSP (DMSPd)) and rates (DMSPd consumption, biological DMS consumption and DMS photolysis) from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site taken between 2005 and 2008. Concentrations confirm the summer paradox with mixed layer DMS peaking ,90 days after peak DMSPp and ,50 days after peak DMSPp : Chl. A small decline in mixed layer DMS was observed relative to those measured during a previous study at BATS (1992)(1993)(1994), potentially driven by long-term climate shifts at the site. On average, DMS cycling occurred on longer timescales than DMSPd (0.43 AE 0.35 v. 1.39 AE 0.76 day À1 ) with DMSPd consumption rates remaining elevated throughout the year despite significant seasonal variability in the bacterial DMSP degrader community. DMSPp was estimated to account for 4-5 % of mixed layer primary production and turned over at a significantly slower rate (,0.2 day À1 ). Photolysis drove DMS loss in the mixed layer during the summer, whereas biological consumption of DMS was the dominant loss process in the winter and at depth. These findings offer new insight into the underlying mechanisms driving DMS(P) cycling in the oligotrophic ocean, provide an extended dataset for future model evaluation and hypothesis testing and highlight the need for a reexamination of past modelling results and conclusions drawn from data collected with old methodologies.

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Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising upper-ocean sulfur dynamics near Bermuda: new lessons from 3 years of concentration and rate measurements

et al. 2016

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“…Siegel et al (2001) compared ten PP models (of varied complexity, including WRDR) with a six-year time series of PP and bio-optical measurements at the subtropical Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site. PP models explained $30% of the observed variance.…”

Section: Strategy For Model Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of global estimates of marine primary production from ocean color

Carr

Friedrichs

Schmeltz

et al. 2006

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

635

477

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The third primary production algorithm round robin (PPARR3) compares output from 24 models that estimate depthintegrated primary production from satellite measurements of ocean color, as well as seven general circulation models (GCMs) coupled with ecosystem or biogeochemical models. Here we compare the global primary production fields corresponding to eight months of 1998 and 1999 as estimated from common input fields of photosynthetically-available radiation (PAR), sea-surface temperature (SST), mixed-layer depth, and chlorophyll concentration. We also quantify the sensitivity of the ocean-color-based models to perturbations in their input variables. The pair-wise correlation between ocean-color models was used to cluster them into groups or related output, which reflect the regions and environmental conditions under which they respond differently. The groups do not follow model complexity with regards to wavelength or depth dependence, though they are related to the manner in which temperature is used to parameterize photosynthesis. Global average PP varies by a factor of two between models. The models diverged the most for the Southern Ocean, SST under 10 C, and chlorophyll concentration exceeding 1 mg Chl m À3 . Based on the conditions under which the model results diverge most, we conclude that current ocean-color-based models are challenged by high-nutrient low-chlorophyll conditions, and extreme temperatures or chlorophyll concentrations. The GCM-based models predict comparable primary production to those based on ocean color: they estimate higher values in the Southern Ocean, at low SST, and in the equatorial band, while they estimate lower values in eutrophic regions (probably because the area of high chlorophyll concentrations is smaller in the GCMs). Further progress in primary production modeling requires improved understanding of the effect of temperature on photosynthesis and better parameterization of the maximum photosynthetic rate. r

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“…Our POM and TOM analysis was restricted to the upper 100 m, which also reflects the approximate mean depth of the euphotic zone at BATS (Siegel et al, 2001) and the zone where nutrients are depleted to near analytical detection. All data presented as elemental ratios are in mol per mol units.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

C : N : P stoichiometry at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study station in the North Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability, in addition to other macro-and micronutrients, determine the strength of the ocean's carbon (C) uptake, and variation in the N : P ratio of inorganic nutrient pools is key to phytoplankton growth. A similarity between C : N : P ratios in the plankton biomass and deep-water nutrients was observed by Alfred C. Redfield around 80 years ago and suggested that biological processes in the surface ocean controlled deepocean chemistry. Recent studies have emphasized the role of inorganic N : P ratios in governing biogeochemical processes, particularly the C : N : P ratio in suspended particulate organic matter (POM), with somewhat less attention given to exported POM and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Herein, we extend the discussion on ecosystem C : N : P stoichiometry but also examine temporal variation in stoichiometric relationships. We have analyzed elemental stoichiometry in the suspended POM and total (POM + DOM) organic-matter (TOM) pools in the upper 100 m and in the exported POM and subeuphotic zone (100-500 m) inorganic nutrient pools from the monthly data collected at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site located in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean. C : N and N : P ratios in TOM were at least twice those in the POM, while C : P ratios were up to 5 times higher in TOM compared to those in the POM. Observed C : N ratios in suspended POM were approximately equal to the canonical Redfield ratio (C : N : P = 106 : 16 : 1), while N : P and C : P ratios in the same pool were more than twice the Redfield ratio. Average N : P ratios in the subsurface inorganic nutrient pool were ∼ 26 : 1, squarely between the suspended POM ratio and the Redfield ratio. We have further linked variation in elemental stoichiometry to that of phytoplankton cell abundance observed at the BATS site. Findings from this study suggest that elemental ratios vary with depth in the euphotic zone, mainly due to different growth rates of cyanobacterial cells. We have also examined the role of the Arctic Oscillation on temporal patterns in C : N : P stoichiometry. This study strengthens our understanding of the variability in elemental stoichiometry in different organic-matter pools and should improve biogeochemical models by constraining the range of non-Redfield stoichiometry and the net relative flow of elements between pools.

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Bio-optical modeling of primary production on regional scales: the Bermuda BioOptics project

Cited by 112 publications

References 70 publications

Revising upper-ocean sulfur dynamics near Bermuda: new lessons from 3 years of concentration and rate measurements

Revising upper-ocean sulfur dynamics near Bermuda: new lessons from 3 years of concentration and rate measurements

A comparison of global estimates of marine primary production from ocean color

C : N : P stoichiometry at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study station in the North Atlantic Ocean

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