side effects such as air pollution, climate change, declines in natural resources, and technological inequality. The new responsibility of scientists and engineers is to develop a new sustainable technology that is sustainable and that does not further deplete the planet's natural resources. Specifically, silicon-based electronics and optoelectronic devices have short lifespans. For example, the average lifespans for mobile phones and laptops are less than four years on average, [1] and some sensing devices have even shorter lifespans, generating waste after a short time period. Therefore, environmental issues, such as the depletion of scarce resources and production of toxic byproducts, became an area of increased concern. Technological advances in photonics and electronics, in particular, are now facing the issue of depletion of oil, the foremost source of organic materials. The generation of chemical and inorganic wastes during the process of photonic and electronic device production is also a pressing problem. In addition, costly devices may increase the inequality gap between developed and developing countries, which is a pressing problem, particularly in the area of medical applications. Therefore, it is an essential task for researchers to investigate potential material candidates that are readily degradable without any harmful byproducts, and that are also abundant in nature, thus reducing their cost. Many materials of biological origin have been investigated with the goal of achieving sustainable technology so far. In this review, we summarize recent technological achievements based on the most widely investigated materials: silk and paper. Silk, which was initially deployed mainly for the clothing industry, is a natural eco-friendly material with unique properties. Due to its exceptional characteristics of being fully biodegradable and eliciting no immune response, silk has now become one of the most promising materials for biomedical applications such as biomedical implantable devices. Together with excellent optical transparency in the visible range of light, the exceptional biocompatibility of silk has inspired many outstanding developments of optical devices for biomedical sensing applications. Silk has also attracted attention for its use in electronic devices. It has been shown that silk is particularly beneficial for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) applications as it can improve the crystal quality of organic semiconductors. There has also been much interesting research done on silk-based transient electronic devices and carbonized silk-based electrical sensors. [2] Meanwhile, paper, one of the oldest and most familiar bio-based materials in human history, has also shown its advantages of outstanding optical and mechanical properties with the promise Photonic and electronic devices currently face challenges in terms of improved efficiency of energy harvesting and light emission, renewable energy and materials, and the development of eco-friendly materials. Owing to the emergence of worldwid...