Bio-stabilization of toxic weeds (Xanthium strumarium  and Lantana camara) implementing mono- and polyculture of Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae

Abstract

The present study investigates the synergistic impact of earthworms (Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae) and microbes during vermicomposting of invasive weed phytomass (Xanthium strumarium and Lantana camara). Evaluating both mono- and polyculture techniques, the research highlights the potential dual benefit of weed control and organic fertilizer production through vermitechnology. The study assesses vermicompost production, and physicochemical profiles such as pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, trace elements, and heavy metals in the end product. The Ash content, humification index, and C/N ratio analysis were conducted to assess the maturity of the vermicompost. The macronutrient enhancement in the vermicompost samples was recorded 1.5–2.47-fold for total N, 1.19–1.48-fold in available P, 1.1-1.2-fold in total K, and 1.1–1.18–-fold in total Ca. The germination index reveals a significant reduction in phytotoxicity, suggesting the production of mature and suitable vermicompost for agricultural use. Further, the earthworm population and biomass has significantly increased by the end of the 60-day experimental trial.