Bio-Treatment Technologies of Produced Water: A Review

Azeez, Rana; Al-Zuhairi, Firas K.

doi:10.30684/etj.2022.131480.1040

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Industrial waste discharge, erosion from cities, and atmospheric precipitation are among the most important sources of heavy metals contaminating sediments, the results of the current study recorded an increase in the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments of the second site, and this may be the result of dumping wastewater contaminated with heavy metals into the river [20]. May be due to the lack of dissolved oxygen and the availability of reduction conditions, which leads to an increase in the amount of sulfides and organic matter in the sediments, which tend to retain the heavy metals present in the water, which increases the concentration in the sediments [21]. The results also showed an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment during the hot months, and this may be due to the increase in evaporation processes as a result of the high temperature or due to the decrease in river water levels [22].…”

Section: Cadmium (Cd) Concentration In Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Use Unio Tigridis as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Diwaniyah River

Omran,

Khoen

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The current study aims to estimate the concentrations of lead and cadmium in the water of the Diwaniyah River, based on investigation and study of the concentrations of these elements within the body of the vital indicator, where this organism will be taken from 4 different stations with varying distances to know the concentrations and compare them with the national determinants. The study showed that the main sources of pollution the water of the Diwaniyah River is due to the river’s passage within the city center and the discharge of sewage into it directly and in the role of a treatment agent and throwing waste of all kinds and the increase of human activities in the center, which causes an increase in the concentration of pollutants, including heavy elements. Highly efficient treatment units to reduce pollutants that are disposed directly into the river water, as well as increasing the environmental awareness of the population.

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Section: Cadmium (Cd) Concentration In Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Use Unio Tigridis as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Diwaniyah River

Omran,

Khoen

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Therefore, after the agglomeration of the pollutants, they are removed by making them float on the surface with the help of a stream of pressurized oxygen through special devices to release air bubbles, lifting the agglomerated particles to the surface and then removing them through scrapers. Third, biological treatment, the organic and inorganic substances dissolved in the lagging water are removed by aerobic bacteria [54], where phosphoric acid and urea are added as nutrients to these bacteria with the presence of aerators to generate the oxygen necessary for bacterial respiration and oxidation [55,56]. After these stages, the treated water is discharged into the river after being examined and samples are withdrawn on a daily basis to monitor the variables affecting the environment [57].…”

Section: Liquid Effluents Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Iraqi Petroleum Refining Industry: A Review of Environmental Impact Assessment

Alzahawy,

Issa

2024

Preprint

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The review emphasizes the importance of the petroleum refining industry in Iraq, highlighting the environmental obstacles it presents. The industry's significant role in the country's economy necessitates a crucial evaluation and improvement of the environmental impact of oil refining in Iraq. The study scrutinizes the progression of crude oil refining techniques, from basic distillation to advanced technologies like vacuum distillation, thermal cracking, and catalytic cracking, all of which are associated with environmental damage. The refining processes produce hazardous gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. Refineries also consume substantial amounts of water and discharge effluent, causing environmental issues. It highlights that significant solid waste is produced throughout the refining process, contributing to the environmental difficulties caused by the petroleum industry in Iraq. The paper proposes several approaches to enhancing the environmental performance of Iraq's petroleum refining processes through a comprehensive environmental impact assessment, focusing on identifying problematic areas, measuring environmental damage, and proposing solutions. It provides insights into the types of waste generated in Iraqi refineries, such as polluted hydrocarbon liquids, and highlights the environmental impact of leaks and spills from oil and byproducts, affecting groundwater and soil quality. The paper suggests reusing consumable auxiliary agents and mineral elements in other industrial fields to minimize waste generation, as well as employing advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning for efficient refining processes and reduced effluents. By offering suggestions to policymakers, industry stakeholders, and environmental regulators in Iraq, the study aims to inform sustainable practices and environmental management strategies within the petroleum refining sector, contributing to improved environmental outcomes and sustainable development in the industry.

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“…Simultaneously, the studies conducted on the use of immobilized cells on nanoparticles technique is increasing due to the enhanced microorganisms' effective [18]. Recent trends in the utilization of immobilized microbial nanoparticles enhance biogas production in the biotreatment of wastewater at an anaerobic condition [84,94]. A. Ahmad, and S. S. Reddy (2020) found that the enhancement in the average biogas production reached 4.5 liters and reduction in the chemical oxygen demand is about 95.7% via immobilized consortium onto zinc oxide NPs in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor [95].…”

Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review Study of Immobilized Microbial-Nanoparticles: Techniques and Biotechnology Applications

Azeez¹,

Hasan²,

Alawi³

et al. 2022

IJOGR

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Immobilization of microbial cells on nanomaterials opens up broad prospects in biotechnology applications including environmental pollution control and enhancement of biofuel production. Cellimmobilization contributes to improved microbial performance, protection of microbes, and further biomass degradation. Moreover, nanoparticles as biomass support are an advanced strategy in bioremediation. The nanoparticles are interesting for immobilizing microbes due to their unique physicochemical properties. This review throws some light on the recent advances in the immobilization of microbial cell techniques onto nanoparticles as a carrier where they are subsequently used as a nano-bio-stimulator in bioprocessing. The benefits and drawbacks of immobilization techniques are included.The biotechnology applications of nano-biocatalyst in bioprocessing are covered including biosorption of pollutants from wastewater and stimulants in biofuel production processes for green energy generation. The use of nano-bio-catalysts in bioprocesses is an effective strategy for achieving economic feasibility in many processes. Furthermore, future research directions for microbial cell immobilization techniques are discussed.

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Bio-Treatment Technologies of Produced Water: A Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

Use Unio Tigridis as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Diwaniyah River

Use Unio Tigridis as a Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Diwaniyah River

The Iraqi Petroleum Refining Industry: A Review of Environmental Impact Assessment

A Review Study of Immobilized Microbial-Nanoparticles: Techniques and Biotechnology Applications

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