Bio‐waste Derived Catalytic Approach Towards NH‐1,2,3‐Triazole Synthesis

Abstract

A bio‐waste derived catalyst towards the synthesis of 4‐aryl‐NH‐1,2,3‐triazole is reported. Curd whey is the major by‐product produced from dairy industry which is mostly discarded to water or used as fertilizer and animal feed after drying. Here, whey is used as an efficient bio‐waste derived catalyst for straight forward synthesis of NH‐1,2,3‐triazoles under very mild condition. Current method is highly versatile, inexpensive, offers various NH‐1,2,3‐triazoles in good to excellent yields. The solvent‐catalyst combination can be effectively reused up to 4th consecutive cycles without significant loss in its catalytic efficiency.

A facile method of treating spent catalysts via using solvent for recovering undamaged catalyst support

“…Currently, new methodologies appearing on sustainable catalysts for the recovery of the catalyst. These methods encompass heterogeneous metal catalytic systems reactivity, selectivity, recyclability, and catalytic activity, as well as the mechanistic pathway of desired product formation, the removal of multiple organic dyes by using biomass-derived functionalized graphene aerogels [30][31][32][33].…”

Nanostructured Ni(OH)2–ZnO mixed crystals as recyclable catalysts for the synthesis of N-unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles

“…Especially, 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole possesses some intriguing features to act as an IDO (indoleamine 2,3dioxygenase) inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy 12 and 4-(3,4dibromophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole serves as methionine aminopeptidase enzyme 13 that produces anticancer and antibacterial agents. Various methodologies have been put forwarded to access these compounds that mainly follow the general procedures such as the condensation reaction between olefin and azides 14 or the direct reaction between sodium azide and nitroolefin 15 or the multicomponent synthesis from nitroalkane, aldehyde and NaN 3 16 . However, a large number of these protocols mainly use copper 17 or palladium 18 based catalysts and other catalytic systems such as Amberlyst 19 , p-TsOH 20 , Bi 2 WO 6 /water 21 etc.…”

“…Various methodologies have been put forward to access these compounds that mainly follow the general procedures such as the condensation reaction between olefin and azides 14 or the direct reaction between sodium azide and nitroolefin 15 or the multicomponent synthesis from a nitroalkane, aldehyde and NaN 3 . 16 However, a large number of these protocols mainly use copper 17 or palladium 18 -based catalysts and other catalytic systems such as Amberlyst, 19 p-TsOH, 20 Bi 2 WO 6 /water, 21 etc., which limits their practical use at industrial levels including low yield or substrate polymerization. 22 Moreover, copper is cytotoxic to mammalian cells, which hinders the use of these protocols in biological systems.…”