Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of 2-Ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate in Aquatic Animals

Abstract

2-Ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB) is a commonly used organic ultraviolet filter. The bioaccumulation and biomagnification of EHDAB were investigated in two aquatic animals, the larvae of midge (Chironomus riparius) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and the metabolic enzyme responses in fish liver were determined. EHDAB in the larvae of midge reached a steady state within 10 days of sediment exposure. The biota-sediment accumulation factors ranged from 0.10 to 0.54, and were inversely proportional to the exposure concentrations. The EHDAB-contaminated larvae were used to feed the crucian carp. Within 28 days of feeding exposure, the EHDAB levels in fish tissues gradually increased with the increase of the exposure concentration, exhibiting an apparent concentration-dependence and time-dependence. The liver and kidneys were the main organs of accumulation, and the biomagnification factors of EHDAB ranged from 8.97 to 11.0 and 6.44 to 10.8, respectively. In addition, EHDAB significantly increased the activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A, CYP3A and glutathione S-transferase in the fish liver. Our results indicate that EHDAB may pose a risk of biomagnification in an aquatic environment and influence the biological processes of exposed organisms.

Organic ultraviolet filters in nearshore waters and in the invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Grenada, West Indies

“…The degree at which residues are accumulating in lionfish muscle through ingestion of contaminated prey species or through direct exposure from the water is unknown. Both routes have been shown to be important for bioaccumulation and biomagnification of sunscreen residues in fish [34,39]. No UV filter residues were detected in stomach contents to suggest ingestion of contaminated prey in this study.…”

Biodegradation of two organic UV-Filters by single bacteria strains

“…The major concern regarding these chemical compounds is related to the easiness with which they can bioaccumulate in living organisms, especially due to the negative properties they can have: alter sex hormonal balance, affect endocrine signaling and impede reproductive capacity. In the last decade, organic UV-lters were discovered more often bioaccumulated in aquatic organisms, such as: coral (Tsui et al, 2017;Fel et al, 2019;Mitchelmore et al, 2019;He et al, 2019;Stien et al, 2020), dolphin (Alonso et al, 2015;Gago-Ferrero et al, 2013a) shes (Horricks et al, 2019;Araújo et al, 2018;Lu et al, 2018;Gago-Ferrerro et al, 2015), algae (Teoh et al, 2020;Zhong et al, 2019;Mao et al, 2017;Mao et al, 2018;Seoane et al, 2017), benthic mollusks (Vidal-Linan et al, 2018;Giraldo 2017).…”