Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Organochlorines in a Marine Food Web at a Pristine Site in Iceland

Skarphéðinsdóttir, Halldóra; Gunnarsson, Karl; Guðmundsson, Guðmundur A.; Nfon, Erick

doi:10.1007/s00244-009-9376-x

Cited by 49 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The concentration of PCB in sediment matrix was considerably low. Though, samples were collected from different sample locations with varying degrees of contamination, the results of this study is in line with the general knowledge of the fate of PCBs in the environment and food chain [16]. Trace level of PCBs concentrations in marine sediment has been the greatest threat for their determination.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Although PCBs concentration obtained in sediment samples from various sampling site were within tolerant limit. It has been reported by [16] that PCBs bioaccumulate, and has good solubility in fats of living things [16]. This can be dangerous, when stored in aquatic lives, as there is tendency of moving up the food chain (transferring to man) as its final host.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Orogodo River sediments Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria

Edjere

Iyekowa

2017

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

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Abstract. The study aimed at assessing the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentration in Orogodo River Sediments at Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. Sixteen sediment samples at different sample point were collected and analyzed; obtained concentrations were compared with exiting standards. Sediment samples were extracted using a mixture of hexane and acetone (1:1), sonicated in an ultrasonic bath (15 min) and placed on a shaker for two hours. Chromatographic analysis was done after solvent exchange, was carried out on the final extract using n-hexane (1000 μl) and injected (1 μl) into a gas chromatographic system coupled with an electron capture detector (ECD). Results from this study revealed that the concentration of PCBs in all the sediment samples under investigation was highest with 0.198 μg/kg in the Agric yard Agbor 2 sample point and lowest with 0.026 μg/kg in the Behind Prison -Agbor 1. The concentration of PCBs for all the sediment samples analyzed ranged in the order: Agric Yard Agbor 2 < Slaugther Agbor 2 < River Ama 1 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 1 < Behind Prison Agbor 2 < River Ama 2 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 3 < Under Bridge Agbor 1 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 2 < River Ama 4 < Agric Yard Agbor 1 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 4 < SlaugtherAgbor 1 < River Ama 3 < Under Bridge Agbor 2 < Behind Prison Agbor 1. The obtained results in this study suggest the urgent need to establish a program for monitoring organochlorine pollutants in our rivers and sediment in other to curb any elevation in concentration of pollutants over the environmental quality standards and appropriate actions taken.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Orogodo River sediments Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria

Edjere

Iyekowa

2017

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

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“…Trophic magnification factor (TMF), which represents the average increase rate per trophic level, can be used to indicate the biomagnification potentials of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) [8][9][10]. Many factors, such as the length and structure of food chains, the investigated species (e.g., poikilotherms and homoiotherms), the environmental conditions (e.g., temperature), and the contamination levels can affect HOC biomagnification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater fish from Taihu Lake, China: Their levels and the factors that influence biomagnification

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), two types of persistent organic pollutants that have been used widely, can be released into the environment and accumulate in organisms. To obtain a better understanding of the biomagnification of PBDEs and PCBs in fish, as well as the influences on biomagnification by fish size and physical properties of PBDEs and PCBs, a total of 200 samples of 24 fish species were collected and analyzed from Taihu Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China. The concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs ranged from 8.59 to 74.28 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and from 10.30 to 165.20 ng/g lw, respectively. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were used to estimate the PBDE and PCB biomagnification potentials. The TMF values of PBDEs and PCBs ranged from 0.78 to 2.95 and from 0.92 to 2.60, respectively. Most of the TMFs were greater than 1, indicating that these contaminants were biomagnified in food chains. Fish size might influence the biomagnification evaluation, because different sized fish had different lipid content, leading to different lipid-based concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs. Parabolic relationships were observed between the TMFs and logK(OW) , as well as between the TMFs and the molecular volumes of PBDE and PCB congeners. The congeners with logK(OW) values of approximately 7 or molecular volumes of approximately 8 × 10⁻⁵ nm³ had the greatest biomagnification potentials. Compared to molecular weight, molecular volume seems to be the better standard for analyzing the influence of molecular size on biomagnification.

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“…P HCHs and P DDTs in mollusks ranged below LOQ-281 (mean: 113) and 29.1-812 (218) ng/g. These mean values were far higher than those in green mussel Perna viridis L. (1.96 and 3.62 ng/g wet weight for P HCHs and P DDTs, respectively) collected during 2005-2006 from Ennore creek, Chennai, India (Sundar et al 2010), and those in chink snail Lacuna vincta (0.21 and 0.32 ng/g wet weight) and blue mussel Mytilus edulis (0.08 and 0.12 ng/g wet weight) collected in Flatey Island, Iceland (Skarphedinsdottir et al 2010). Zhejiang province is one of the rice production regions with a high yield in China, and the longterm large-scale usage of pesticides contributes to the serious status of OCP contamination in this area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in rice hull from a typical e-waste recycling area in southeast China: temporal trend, source, and exposure assessment

Liu

Liao

et al. 2013

Environ Geochem Health

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The residue levels of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 16 selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in rice and rice hull collected from a typical e-waste recycling area in southeast China were investigated from 2005 to 2007. PAHs and OCPs also were measured in ten mollusk species (soft tissues) collected in an adjacent bay in 2007. Individual PAHs were frequently found in the entire sample set (including the rice, hull, and mollusk samples) with a detection rate of 73 %. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs (RPAHs) and 16 OCPs (ROCPs) were in the range of 40.8-432 ng/g dry weight (mean: 171 ng/g) and 2.35-925 ng/g (122 ng/g), respectively, which were comparable or higher than those reported in some polluted areas. Statistical comparisons suggested that the concentrations of contaminants in hull gradually decreased from 2005 to 2007 and the residue levels were generally in the order of mollusk, hull, and rice, on a dry weight basis. Principal component analysis in combination with diagnostic ratios implied that combustion of coal, wood, and plastic wastes that are closely associated with crude e-waste recycling activities is the main source of PAHs. The finding of decreasing trend of concentrations of PAHs in this area is consistent with the efforts of local authorities to strengthen regulations on illegal e-waste recycling activities. Composition analysis suggested that there is a recent usage or discharge of hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane into the tested area. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of RPAHs and ROCPs (calculated from mean concentrations) through rice and mollusk consumption was 0.411 and 0.921 lg/kg body weight (bw)/day, respectively.

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Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Organochlorines in a Marine Food Web at a Pristine Site in Iceland

Cited by 49 publications

References 58 publications

Assessment of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Orogodo River sediments Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria

Assessment of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Orogodo River sediments Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater fish from Taihu Lake, China: Their levels and the factors that influence biomagnification

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in rice hull from a typical e-waste recycling area in southeast China: temporal trend, source, and exposure assessment

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