Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Sediment Tests With Oligochaetes (Lumbriculus Variegatus)

Lyytikainen, Merja; Pehkonen, Sari; Akkanen, Jarkko; Leppänen, Matti T.; Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.

doi:10.1897/07-171

Cited by 12 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Although having weak biotransformation potential [32], recent studies have shown that L. variegatus were capable of biotransforming PAHs [33][34][35], pyrethroids [36], and pentachlorophenol [37]. Therefore, biotransformation of PAHs in organisms may have contributed to their low BSAF values in the current study.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 78%

“…Leppanen and Kukkonen [34] suggested that the capability of L. variegatus to biotransform PAHs was compound-dependent. In their study [34], L. variegatus biotransformed 40% of pyrene, while only 10% of BaP was biotransformed after 14 d. Lyytikainen et al [35] reported a decrease in PAH body residues with an increase in exposure time for low-and moderate-molecular-weight PAHs, but not for highmolecular-weight PAHs such as BaP. Hence, biotransformation may not play a significant role in the bioaccumulation of BaP in L. variegatus.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxicity of sediment-associated unresolved complex mixture and its impact on bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Mehler

Lydy

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 92%

Toxicity of sediment-associated unresolved complex mixture and its impact on bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Mehler

Lydy

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Kukkonen and Landrum (1994) unexpectedly observed that the bioaccumulation of pyrene by L. variegatus increased with increasing density of worms, suggesting that the worms were not depleting the available contaminant in 14-day tests. Lyytikäinen et al (2007) transplanted L. variegatus into fresh sediment at regular intervals during 12 days to investigate the depletion of the rapidly desorbing (labile) fraction of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sediment and porewater and found that this had a minor effect on bioaccumulation in this species. In contrast, Lotufo et al (2000) observed greater bioaccumulation in the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata when organisms were exposed to sediment individually compared with groups of five.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Organism Density on Bioaccumulation of Contaminants from Sediment in Three Aquatic Test Species: A Case for Standardizing to Sediment Organic Carbon

Geest

Poirier

Solomon

et al. 2010

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Laboratory methods for measuring bioaccumulation of organic contaminants from sediment into aquatic organisms continue to improve, but some aspects are still in need of standardization. From a review of published methods, we noted that the loading density of organisms was determined inconsistently and was primarily based on either sediment volume or total organic carbon (TOC). The rationale mainly expressed for standardizing to TOC was to minimize the depletion of sediment contaminants. However, even when density was standardized to TOC, the relative amount of TOC provided (i.e., ratio of TOC to organism dry weight [dw]) was highly variable. In this study, we examined the effect of organism density (standardized to sediment TOC or volume) on bioaccumulation in three freshwater organisms. The oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus, mayfly nymph Hexagenia spp., and fathead minnow Pimephales promelas were exposed for 28 days to two field-contaminated sediments that varied in concentration of PCBs and TOC. Densities tested were 50:1 and 27:1 ratios of TOC to organism dw and 140 ml sediment/g wet weight (ww) biomass, yielding low to high organism densities. Bioaccumulation in Hexagenia spp. was significantly higher at the lowest organism density compared with the highest organism density when exposed to site 2 sediment (1.1% TOC) but only with tissue concentrations expressed on a ww basis. Otherwise, there was no significant effect of density on bioaccumulation in organisms exposed to sediments from site 1 (12% TOC) or site 2. Survival of Hexagenia spp. was adversely affected at the highest organism density when the relative amount of TOC was low. The results of this study support the recommendation of standardizing organism density relative to a particular amount of TOC for invertebrate species. A 27:1 ratio of TOC:organism dw was selected as a standard organism density for a new bioaccumulation method because survival, growth, and bioaccumulation were not impacted relative to a 50:1 ratio, and less sediment was required. This density is recommended as an appropriate ratio for sediment bioaccumulation assessments in general.

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“…This oligochaete meets many of the requirements of a test organism, because it is exposed to contaminants through burrowing and ingestion of sediment, is easily cultured, and is tolerant of a range of sediment characteristics. Lumbriculus variegatus has been observed to biotransform PAHs, such as pyrene and benzo[a]-pyrene, albeit slowly [34][35][36], and to a much lesser degree than H. azteca and Chironomus dilutus (formerly C. tentans) [35]. Lumbriculus variegatus are small (5-12 mg), thereby requiring large numbers of organisms to attain sufficient biomass for chemical analysis.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Characterization Of Bioaccumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kukkonen and Landrum [64] unexpectedly observed that bioaccumulation of pyrene by L. variegatus increased with increasing density of animals, suggesting that the animals were not depleting the available contaminant in 14-d tests. Lyytikäinen et al [36] transferred L. variegatus into fresh sediment at regular intervals over 12 d to investigate the depletion of the rapidly desorbing (labile) fraction of PAHs from sediment and pore water and found that this had a minor effect on bioaccumulation compared with organisms that were not transferred to fresh sediment. Therefore, a need remains to standardize the amount of sediment that should be used in a bioaccumulation test.…”

Section: Quality Of the Overlying Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring bioaccumulation of contaminants from field‐collected sediment in freshwater organisms: A critical review of laboratory methods

Geest

Poirier

Sibley

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-To be effective, decision-making frameworks require data from robust and reliable test methods. Using standard methods allows for more effective comparison between studies and application of data, and it reduces unnecessary duplication of efforts. Laboratory methods to assess the toxicity of sediment have been standardized and extensively used; however, procedures for measuring the bioaccumulation of contaminants from sediment into aquatic organisms need further standardization. Bioaccumulation methods using freshwater invertebrates and fish exposed to field-contaminated sediment were reviewed to identify important similarities and differences in method protocols, test conditions that need to be controlled, and data gaps. Although guidance documents are available, great variation still exists in exposure techniques used in tests, which may potentially affect the estimation of bioaccumulation. The techniques most consistent across studies include the use of Lumbriculus variegatus as a test species, test temperatures between 20 and 258C, and a 28-d exposure with no addition of food, followed by purging of organisms. Issues that were inconsistent between studies or remained unspecified, which should be addressed, include the bioaccumulation potential of other test species, loading density of organisms, and sediment-to-water ratio. In addition to proper evaluation of the various exposure techniques and conditions, a need exists for more consistent inclusion of quality control procedures during testing. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:239129: -240129: . # 2010

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Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Sediment Tests With Oligochaetes (Lumbriculus Variegatus)

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Toxicity of sediment-associated unresolved complex mixture and its impact on bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Toxicity of sediment-associated unresolved complex mixture and its impact on bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The Effect of Organism Density on Bioaccumulation of Contaminants from Sediment in Three Aquatic Test Species: A Case for Standardizing to Sediment Organic Carbon

Measuring bioaccumulation of contaminants from field‐collected sediment in freshwater organisms: A critical review of laboratory methods

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