Bioaccumulation and enantioselectivity of type I and type II pyrethroid pesticides in earthworm

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t s• The bio-soil accumulation factors of bifenthrin was about 4 times greater than that of lambad-cyhalothrin.• Lambad-cyhalothrin was more easily to be adsorbed in soil than bifenthrin.• The bioaccumulation of lambad-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin in earthworm was enantioselective.• A negative relationship between Log BSAF S and Log K ow was observed. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tIn this study, the bioavailability and enantioselectivity differences between bifenthrin (BF, typeⅠpyrethroid) and lambad-cyhalothrin (LCT, type Ⅱ pyrethroid) in earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were investigated. The bio-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) of BF was about 4 times greater than that of LCT. LCT was degraded faster than BF in soil while eliminated lower in earthworm samples. Compound sorption plays an important role on bioavailability in earthworm, and the soil-adsorption coefficient (K oc ) of BF and LCT were 22 442 and 42 578, respectively. Metabolic capacity of earthworm to LCT was further studied as no significant difference in the accumulation of LCT between the high and low dose experiment was found. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBCOOH), a metabolite of LCT produced by earthworm was detected in soil. The concentration of PBCOOH at high dose exposure was about 4.7 times greater than that of in low dose level at the fifth day. The bioaccumulation of BF and LCT were both enantioselective in earthworm. The enantiomer factors of BF and LCT in earthworm were approximately 0.12 and 0.65, respectively. The more toxic enantiomers ((+)-BF and (−)-LCT) had a preferential degradation in earthworm and leaded to less toxicity on earthworm for racemate exposure. In combination with other studies, a liner relationship between Log BSAF S and Log K ow was observed, and the Log BSAF S decreased with the increase of Log K ow .

Tissue distribution, metabolism and hepatic tissue injury in Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) after a single oral administration of lambda-cyhalothrin

“…SPs are organic contaminants with high hydrophobicity and low water solubility (Log K ow > 5). For this reason, this group of insecticides tends to be rapidly sorbed by soil (Chang et al, 2016) or distributed preferentially into lipid-rich internal tissues, especially brain and fat tissues (Soderlund et al, 2002). In that case, SPs may bioaccumulate in non-target organisms at higher trophic levels and cause toxic effects.…”

“…Monitoring PBA levels could provide an indication of parent compound metabolism (Leng and Gries, 2005). PBA can be detected in the plasma of rats (Ding et al, 2004), in soil (Chang et al, 2016) and even in human urine (Shan et al, 2004). Compared to its parent compound, PBA has a smaller molecule weight, stronger polarity and faster migration within the environment (Deng et al, 2015).…”

“…S1). Our previous study demonstrated that the elimination rate of LCT in earthworms was lower than that of bifenthrin (Chang et al, 2016). Weir et al (2015) recently found LCT to be more acutely toxic to Western fence lizards than avians (Weir et al, 2015).…”

Enantiomeric separation of type I and type II pyrethroid insecticides with different chiral stationary phases by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…1 Considering their outstanding insecticidal potency and relatively low toxicity, pyrethroids have been widely used in agriculture and households over the past several decades. 3,4 Based on chemical structures, pyrethroids are classified into type I and type II categories. 3,4 Based on chemical structures, pyrethroids are classified into type I and type II categories.…”

“…2 The worldwide usage of pyrethroids has been anticipated to be further increased with the ban or restriction on organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticide in many countries. 3,4 Based on chemical structures, pyrethroids are classified into type I and type II categories. Type I pyrethroids do not have α-cyano group on the phenoxybenzyl moiety, while type II pyrethroids have α-cyano group on the phenoxybenzyl moiety to improve their photostability.…”