Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oyster (Crassostrea sp.) and gastropod (Cymatium sp.) species from the Can Gio Coastal Wetland in Vietnam

Abstract

The aim of this study was to measure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oysters (Crassostrea sp.) and gastropods (Cymatium sp.) collected from the Can Gio coastal wetland (CGCW), Vietnam. Samples were collected from 14 coastal sites, from both port and non-port sites, during a rainy season (September 2017) and a dry season (April 2018). PAH concentrations in oysters ranged from 3.26 to 64.45ngg–1 wet weight (WW), whereas in gastropods PAH concentrations ranged from 4.81 to 23.80ngg–1 WW. Naphthalene was the major component measured in oysters (0.71–46.74ngg–1 WW), whereas pyrene was the major congener measured in gastropods. Both species showed the same dominant accumulation pattern of two- to three-ring PAH compounds. A temporal and spatial distribution of PAHs in gastropods from the CGCW was also observed: higher PAH concentrations were more frequently observed in oysters and gastropods from port sites during the rainy season. The present study indicates that gastropods Cymatium sp. could be used as bioindicators in tropical coastal areas. Human health risk assessment conducted on the basis of the excess cancer risk suggests that there is no current risk to humans as a result of the consumption of oysters and gastropods.

Occurrence and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Green Mussel (Perna viridis) from Cilincing Waters of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

“…was conducted in Can Gio coastal wetland Vietnam. The result showed that PAH levels in oysters ranged from 3.26 to 64.45 ng.g -1 ww with 3-aromatic rings as the predominant in PAH compounds (Pham et al, 2020). It has a similar result with the present study.…”

“…The contributions of different PAHs in various sizes of green mussel to the total PEC were decreased as follows: medium > biggest > small > smallest. These results were lower than those of other studies of PAH levels in bivalve organisms in coastal areas (Barhoumi et al, 2016;Pham et al, 2020). In this study, the BaP concentration was 3.84 ng.g -1 which was lower than the maximum level of 6 ng.g -1 set by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) for smoked mussels (BPOM, 2018).…”

“…Conversely, the result in this study of ECR value is higher than that of oyster (Crassostrea sp.) in Can Gio Coastal Wetland -Vietnam (0.37 x 10 -8 and 4.2 x 10 -8 ) (Pham et al, 2020). Shi et al (2016) proposed two categories of ECR over the lifespan (70 years): (1) 1 in 1,000,000 (10 -6 ) is considered as "acceptable"; (2) 1 in 10,000 (10 -4 ) is considered as "serious risk".…”

Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation on Oyster Health

“…In general, a 2-3-ring PAH is considered a low-molecular weight (LMW) PAH (Vaezzadeh et al, 2019;Pham et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020) whereas a PAH having 4-6 rings is considered highmolecular weight (HMW), although Vignier et al (2018) consider 3-6 rings as HMW and 2-4 rings as being soluble. Due to the difference in solubility, the HMW PAHs are more likely to be adsorbed to the sediment, especially if the sediment contains a large organic fraction (Baumard et al, 1999;La Guardia et al, 2012).…”

“…Gastropods and bivalves are two different classes of mollusks commonly used as bioindicators (O'Connor, 2002;Rittschof and McClellan-Green, 2005;Noh et al, 2018;Pham et al, 2020). Of these two, bivalves are potentially better suited for biomonitoring due to their sedentary lifestyle and filter-feeding.…”