Bioaccumulation and Translocation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate, GenX, and Perfluoroalkyl Acids by Urban Spontaneous Plants

Zhi, Yue; Lu, Hongying; Grieger, Khara; Munoz, Gabriel; Li, Wei; Wang, Xiaoming; He, Qiang; Qian, Shenhua

doi:10.1021/acsestengg.1c00423

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In addition, we found that variations in root morphological characteristics can substantially explain the differences in plants’ uptake, bioaccumulation, and translocation of PFAS. Comparing with a previous work on PFAS uptake by urban weeds, both papers found that logBCF root was inversely correlated with the root diameter, suggesting similar bioaccumulation behavior between ferns and urban weeds. Therefore, findings from this study are expected to attract more attention for the screening of plants that are suitable for the restoration of PFAS-contaminated sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Consistent with the previous studies, plant roots were more selective for specific PFAS species than shoots. 42,52 For the four classes of PFAS, i.e., PFCA, PFSA, FTS, and PFEA, the concentration of PFCA in shoots exhibited a U-bend with increasing chain length, while the concentrations of PFSA and FTS in leaves decreased with increasing perfluorocarbon chain length (Figure S4). Moreover, the concentration of PFAS in roots was observed to increase with increasing perfluorocarbon chain length (Figure S4).…”

Section: Uptake and Translocation Profiles Of Pfas In Ferns 311 Bioco...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioaccumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Ferns: Effect of PFAS Molecular Structure and Plant Root Characteristics

Qian

Xiong

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The present study assessed the bioaccumulation potential of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in ferns and linked root uptake behaviors to root characteristics and PFAS molecular structure. Tissue and subcellular-level behavioral differences between alternative and legacy PFAS were compared via an electron probe microanalyzer with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EPMA-EDS) and differential centrifugation. Our results show that ferns can accumulate PFAS from water, immobilize them in roots, and store them in harvestable tissue. The PFAS loading in roots was dominated by PFOS; however, a substantial amount of associated PFOS could be rinsed off by methanol. Correlation analyses indicated that root length, surface and project area, surface area per unit length of the root system, and molecular size and hydrophobicity of PFAS were the most significant factors affecting the magnitude of root uptake and upward translocation. EPMA-EDS images together with exposure experiments suggested that long-chain hydrophobic compounds tend to be adsorbed and retained on the root epidermis, while short-chain compounds are absorbed and quickly translocated upward. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of using ferns in phytostabilization and phytoextraction initiatives of PFAS in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Uptake and Translocation Profiles Of Pfas In Ferns 311 Bioco...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Ferns: Effect of PFAS Molecular Structure and Plant Root Characteristics

Qian

Xiong

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Root uptake and adsorption are dominant accumulation mechanisms for shorter-chain and longer-chain PFASs, respectively. 101 Besides, each plant has its unique vegetative structure and biological barriers and thus exhibits different translocation and bioaccumulation abilities for PFASs. For example, celery preferred to filter out larger PFASs due to its very finely branched root system, while radish exhibited a lower preference for short-chain PFASs.…”

Section: Environmental Fate and Potential Hazards Of Soil Pfassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the uptake and accumulation of PFASs vary according to the carbon chain length of PFASs, plant species or parts, and other factors. Root uptake and adsorption are dominant accumulation mechanisms for shorter-chain and longer-chain PFASs, respectively . Besides, each plant has its unique vegetative structure and biological barriers and thus exhibits different translocation and bioaccumulation abilities for PFASs.…”

Section: Environmental Fate and Potential Hazards Of Soil Pfassmentioning

confidence: 99%

PFASs in Soil: How They Threaten Human Health through Multiple Pathways and Whether They Are Receiving Adequate Concern

Xing

Chen

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been mass-produced and widely applied in consumer and industrial products, resulting in their widespread presence in the environment. Features such as environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and high toxicity even at low doses have made PFASs an increasing concern. This brief review focuses on soil PFASs, especially the effect of soil PFASs on other environmental media and their potential threats to human health through daily diet. Specifically, soil PFASs contamination caused by different pathways was first investigated. Soil pollution from application of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) is generally more severe than that from fluorochemical manufacturing plants, followed by biosolid land use, landfill, and irrigation. Factors, such as carbon chain length of PFASs, wastewater treatment technology, geographical conditions, and regional development level, are related to soil PFASs' pollution. Then, the migration, bioaccumulation, and toxicity characteristics of soil PFASs were analyzed. Short-chain PFASs have higher solubility, mobility, and bioavailability, while long-chain PFASs have higher bioaccumulation potential and are more toxic to organisms. Factors such as soil texture, solution chemistry conditions, enzymes, and fertilization conditions also influence the environmental behavior of PFASs. The risk of human exposure to PFASs through agricultural and animal products is difficult to control and varies depending on living region, age, eating habits, lifestyle, ethnicity, etc. Soil PFASs threaten drinking water safety, affect soil function, and enter food webs, threatening human health. Knowledge gaps and perspectives in these research fields are also included in current work to assist future research to effectively investigate and understand the environmental risks of soil PFASs, thereby reducing human exposure.

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“…Zhang et al (2021) found that Carex comosa absorb nearly eight percent of the GenX in soil after 80 days of exposure (Zhang et al 2021). Moreover, Zhi et al (2022) studied the bioaccumulation of PFAS in spontaneous urban plants and reported that GenX had a lower bioaccumulation factor (0.66-2.5) than PFOA (3.5-10.5) in plant roots (Zhi et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GenX uptake by wheat and flooded and non-flooded rice: greenhouse experiment.

Zbedy,

Müller,

Kindness

et al. 2023

Preprint

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GenX (hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid) belongs to the group of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) compounds introduced to replace perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which has been phased out in industrial and consumer product formulations. While GenX has been investigated in lab animals, there is limited information available regarding its uptake and translocation in wheat and rice. This study reports on a greenhouse experiment in which wheat and rice grown under flooded and non-flooded conditions were exposed to two GenX concentrations in the soil (0.4 mg kg− 1 and 2 mg kg− 1). GenX was analysed in the soil, porewater and shoots using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was determined using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR GFMAS). Results showed that different species took up different amounts of GenX. The GenX in rice shoots was found to be 2.34 (± 0.45) µg g− 1 and 4.11 (± 0.87) µg g− 1 under flooded and non-flooded conditions, respectively, at a low exposure level. At high exposure, the GenX concentrations in flooded and non-flooded rice shoots increased threefold to 10.4 (± 0.41) and 13.4 (± 0.72) µg g− 1, respectively. Wheat shoots showed similar concentrations and increases between low- and high-level exposure. The translocation factor was significantly higher (P = 0.013) in non-flooded rice compared to flooded rice. The GenX bioaccumulation behaviours under the same culture conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, light, same GenX concentration in the soil) were significantly different in non-flooded and flooded rice (P < 0.001). Non-flooded rice plants displayed a higher level of GenX bioaccumulation than flooded ones. Following exposure to GenX, flooded rice plants showed a reduction in biomass (25%) compared to the control plants (P < 0.014). Our findings indicate that GenX is a bioaccumulative compound, the presence of which likely inhibits the growth of plants.

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Bioaccumulation and Translocation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate, GenX, and Perfluoroalkyl Acids by Urban Spontaneous Plants

Cited by 34 publications

References 59 publications

Bioaccumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Ferns: Effect of PFAS Molecular Structure and Plant Root Characteristics

Bioaccumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Ferns: Effect of PFAS Molecular Structure and Plant Root Characteristics

PFASs in Soil: How They Threaten Human Health through Multiple Pathways and Whether They Are Receiving Adequate Concern

GenX uptake by wheat and flooded and non-flooded rice: greenhouse experiment.

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