Bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of short chain chlorinated paraffins in marine organisms from East China Sea

Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment

“…C10–11 SCCPs and C14 MCCPs were the predominant carbon chain groups in organisms located at various trophic levels. From the chlorine congener groups, Cl5–7 SCCPs and Cl-7 MCCPs dominated SCCP and MCCP homologues in most organisms from different trophic levels. ,,, In addition, the reported range of BAFs of specific SCCP homologues was comparable in organisms from ECS (1.3 to 4.7) and PRE (1.1 to 3.7). , By comparison, higher BAF values were found in marine organisms from Liaodong Bay, with the range of 4.1–6.7 . However, the BSAFs of specific SCCP homologues for organisms from Liaodong Bay (0.1 to 7.3) were lower than that from PRE (0.01 to 30). , The log BAF and BSAF values of SCCP homologues also indicated the increasing tendency with the increase of chlorine atoms, carbon chain length, and logKow values. , Currently, the research on biomagnification of CPs is minimal and regional, focusing on the Chinese coast and Arctic and Antarctic areas.…”

“…Generally, concentrations of SCCPs were higher in Asia than in Europe and North America. For example, concentrations of ∑SCCPs in crab samples from the Pearl River Estuary and ECS, China, were respectively 31000 ng/g lw and 20620 ng/g lw, , as compared with those from the Arviat, Canada (mean = 559 ng/g lw) . In addition, SCCPs concentrations in mammals collected from the Hong Kong coast of SCS were 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than in those from the Sweden coast, Scandinavia. ,,,, Like SCCPs, MCCPs are also widely distributed in various marine biota of coelenterates, crustaceans, gastropods, bivalves, fish, birds, and mammals.…”

“…The logarithm octanol–water partition coefficient (logKow) values of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs (C 18–20 ), LCCPs (C >20, liquid ) range from 4.78 to 9.1, from 6.6 to 11.2, from 8.38 to 13.0, and from 11.0 to 18.7, respectively. , The bioaccumulation of SCCPs and MCCPs has only been identified in organisms of some Chinese sea areas. For example, logarithm bioaccumulation factor (logBAF) values of ∑SCCPs were in the range of 2.04–3.79 in zooplankton, fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, snail and cephalopod in the ECS, China . In the Pearl River Estuary, China ranges of logBAF and logBSAF (logarithm of biota-sediment accumulation factor) of ∑SCCPs were 1.6–3.0 and 0.02–0.69 in fish, prawn, crab and oyster .…”

Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of Chlorinated Paraffins

“…Numerous laboratory and field studies showed that CPs had bioaccumulation potential. The values for the logBAF of ∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs were estimated as 2.70-4.45 and 2.25-3.64, respectively, for aquatic insects from Qingyuan at an e-waste recycling site [20], 1.48 for soil-vegetation of ∑SCCPs from the Arctic [35], 4.5-6.05 for fish of ∑SCCPs from Liaodong Bay [19,23], and 2.04-3.79 for marine organisms of ∑SCCPs from the East China Sea [27]. Following the administration of 14 C-labeled CPs in bivalve blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), the values for the BAF of MCCPs (C 16 , 34% Cl) and SCCPs (C 12 , 69% Cl) were estimated at 7000 and 13,900, respectively, indicating that SCCPs with short carbon chains and high chlorination had strong bioaccumulation [89].…”

“…The varied trophodynamic behavior of CPs was also reported in previous studies. Trophic magnifications of SCCPs were observed in an aquatic food web from Dianshan Lake in Shanghai (TMF: 1.19-1.57) [30], marine food web from the East China Sea (TMF: 3.98) [27], and zooplankton-shrimp-fish food web (TMF: 2.38) [19] and fish food web (2.57) [23] from the Liaodong Bay Sea. The TMF of SCCPs and MCCPs in a marine food web from Hong Kong (TMF: 4.29 and 4.79, respectively) [21] and in a terrestrial food web dominated by insects from an e-waste recycling site in southern China (TMF: 2.08 and 2.45, respectively) indicated trophic magnification [13].…”