Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in a Marine Food Web from Liaodong Bay, North China

Abstract

Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are under the evaluation for inclusion into the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. However, information on their bioconcentration and biomagnification in marine ecosystems is unavailable, limiting the evaluation of their ecological risks. In this study, seawater, sediment, zooplankton, invertebrates, and fishes collected from Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, North China were analyzed to investigate the residual level, congener group profile, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of SCCPs in a marine food web. The total concentrations of SCCPs ranged from 4.1 to 13.1 ng L(-1) in seawater, 65 to 541 ng g(-1) (dw) in sediment, and 86 to 4400 ng g(-1) (ww) in organisms. Correspondence analysis indicated the relative enrichment of C10Cl5 and C11Cl5 formula groups in most aquatic organisms. Both the logarithm bioaccumulation factors (log BAFs: 4.1-6.7) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs: 0.1-7.3) of individual congeners implied the bioaccumulation of SCCPs. The trophic magnification factor (TMF) of ∑SCCPs was determined to be 2.38 in the zooplankton-shrimp-fish food web, indicating biomagnification potential of SCCPs in the marine ecosystem. The TMF values of individual congener groups significantly correlated with their log KOW values.

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in marine organisms from the Pearl River Estuary in South China: Residue levels and interspecies differences

“…3). Similar results were also reported previously between bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and the carbon and chlorine atoms in many other studies (Houde et al, 2008;Zeng et al, 2011a;Ma et al, 2014b). These results implied a high biomagnification potential for the SCCP formula groups with the longer carbon chain and higher chlorine content, which may be partly attributed to their higher log K OW and the elimination potential of the shorter chained CPs.…”

“…The concentrations of ∑SCCPs in bivalves in the present study varied from 120 to 760 ng·g − 1 dw, which were in the range of 65-5500 ng·g − 1 dw in the bivalves from the Bohai Sea in China (Yuan et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2014a). The median concentrations of ∑SCCPs in Asiatic hard clam and Manila calm from the Chinese Bohai Sea were 2600 ng·g −1 dw (Yuan et al, 2012) and 54,000 ng·g −1 lw (Ma et al, 2014b), which were one order of magnitude higher than those observed in the same bivalve species in the present study.…”

“…The levels of ∑ SCCPs in the dorsal muscle of fish species (210-2800 ng·g − 1 lw and 5.3-58 ng·g −1 wet weight, ww) from the Pearl River Estuary were higher than the concentrations reported for top predatory fish (2-10 ng·g −1 ww in the whole body homogenates) in Canada (Basconcillo et al, 2015), but lower than those in the muscles of marine fish from Liaodong Bay of North China (9700-33,000 ng·g − 1 lw) (Ma et al, 2014b), and marine fish (33-140 ng·g − 1 ww) from Ebro River Delta in Spain (Parera et al, 2013). The concentrations of ∑SCCPs in bivalves in the present study varied from 120 to 760 ng·g − 1 dw, which were in the range of 65-5500 ng·g − 1 dw in the bivalves from the Bohai Sea in China (Yuan et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2014a).…”

“…Significant linear Table 1 Biological parameters and concentrations of ∑SCCPs in marine organisms from the Pearl River Estuary, South China. relationship was observed between the lipid content and the concentrations of ∑ SCCPs of marine species in the Chinese Bohai Sea when expressed on the wet weight or dry weight basis (Yuan et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2014b). In the present study, the lipid contents were significantly lower in three of the fish species (2.3% for Chinese herring, 1.6% for sardine, and 0.45% for Bombay duck), which also exhibited relatively high ∑SCCP lipid normalized concentrations compared to the other two fish species which had higher lipid contents (5.3% for silver pomfret and 4.1% for tapertail anchovy) ( Table 1).…”

“…As high production volume chemicals, CPs can be inevitably released into the environment during the production, storage, transportation, usage, and disposal or recycling of CPs and CP-based products. Limited studies indicate SCCPs have become ubiquitous in the environment and are routinely detected in both biotic and abiotic compartments in China (Gao et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2014aMa et al, , 2014b. In addition, higher dietary exposure to SCCPs was reported in China, than that in Japan and South Korea (Harada et al, 2011).…”