Bioaccumulation, Biodistribution, Toxicology and Biomonitoring of Organofluorine Compounds in Aquatic Organisms

Abstract

This review is a survey of recent advances in studies concerning the impact of poly- and perfluorinated organic compounds in aquatic organisms. After a brief introduction on poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) features, an overview of recent monitoring studies is reported illustrating ranges of recorded concentrations in water, sediments, and species. Besides presenting general concepts defining bioaccumulative potential and its indicators, the biodistribution of PFCs is described taking in consideration different tissues/organs of the investigated species as well as differences between studies in the wild or under controlled laboratory conditions. The potential use of species as bioindicators for biomonitoring studies are discussed and data are summarized in a table reporting the number of monitored PFCs and their total concentration as a function of investigated species. Moreover, biomolecular effects on taxonomically different species are illustrated. In the final paragraph, main findings have been summarized and possible solutions to environmental threats posed by PFCs in the aquatic environment are discussed.

Distribution of Heavy Metals in Sediments and Soft Tissues of the <i>Cerithidea obtusa</i> from Sepang River, Malaysia

“…The geo-accumulation index (I geo ) showed that the mangrove environment of Sungai Besar Sepang was polluted with As but relatively unpolluted (I geo < 0) for other elements in this study which is consistent with findings from prior studies in the area [32]. Bioaccumulation is the process of a chemical migrating from the external environment into the organism through all possible exposure channels, which is evaluated by a BSAF [39]. In this regard, the soft tissue 9, the Cu and Zn concentrations in the soft tissue of C. obtusa are several times greater than their concentration in the sediments.…”

Role of the Synergistic Interactions of Environmental Pollutants in the Development of Cancer

“…The possible interaction of cocktails of environmental pollutants with pharmacological treatments, considering the interactions of absorption, metabolism, and elimination and changes in the disposition of the coadministered compounds, needs more attention. The development of new computer‐aided and artificial intelligence systems (S. Webb, 2018 ) may allow a larger scale approach to the selection of the test mixture in order to reduce the number of actual experimental tests (Chen et al., 2021 ; Lukashina et al., 2021 ; Savoca & Pace, 2021 ).…”

Identification of Impacts and Human Health Risks Produced by the Presence of Pesticides in the Environment I. Pesticides Behaviour in the Environment

“…The bioaccumulation of these toxic substances becomes more and more dangerous, with the consumption of these substances by small animals. Once pesticided accumulate in the fatty tissues of these small animals, each successive predator will consume a large amount of toxins (Figure 7) [39]. Along the food chains, a rapid process of increasing the concentration of pollutants takes place, by bioconcentration.…”