Bioaccumulation, maternal transfer and elimination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in wild frogs

Liu, Pengyan; Du, Guo-Dong; Zhao, Yaxian; Mu, Yunsong; Zhang, Aiqian; Qin, Zhan-Fen; Zhang, Xiaoyou; Yan, Shi-Shuai; Li, Yan; Wei, Rongguo; Qin, Xuda; Yang, Yuhao

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.042

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The sum of BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-153 collectively accounted for 79.1% and 82.6% of the total PBDE concentrations in the brain and liver, respectively. Similar results were observed in our previous study (Liu et al, 2011), although in another study BDE-99 and BDE-153 were found to be the dominant congeners . Together, the data show that medium brominated congeners are the main congeners in frogs, suggesting that amphibians have a unique PBDE congener profile intermediate between that of aquatic (low brominated congeners being the main congeners) and terrestrial species (high brominated congeners being the main congeners).…”

Section: Pbde Congener Profiles In the Brain Compared With Other Tissuessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Previous studies reported high levels of PBDEs in soil, sediment and air samples from this area, with BDE-209 as the dominant congener (Han et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2016). High levels of PBDEs have also been found in wildlife and domestic animals in this area (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2015Qin et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011), suggesting that Taizhou would be an appropriate locale for investigating the bioaccumulation of PBDEs. In particular, collecting biotic samples from different animals from the same site facilitates the comparison of species-specific differences in bioaccumulations of PBDEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissue samples were extracted, cleaned and analyzed according to previously reported methods (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2015 with minor modifications. Briefly, after freeze-drying, homogenizing with anhydrous sodium sulfate and spiking with surrogate standard ( 13 C-labeled BDE-209) and recovery standard (BDE-71), samples were extracted twice with n-hexane/dichloromethane (1:1, vol/vol) by ultrasonic agitation.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is evidence that the BBB dose not completely restrict the entry of lipophilic pollutants, which may enter the brain via lipidmediated free diffusion or carrier/receptor-mediated transport (Baron et al, 2015;Pardridge, 2012). PBDEs have been detected in brain tissues from several wildlife species, including fish (Barni et al, 2014;Nilsen et al, 2014), frogs (Li et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2011), river otters (Basu et al, 2007), birds (Voorspoels et al, 2006), polar bears (Gebbink et al, 2008), and dolphins (Baron et al, 2015). Generally, PBDE concentrations in the brain were lower than in other tissues, consistent with protection by the BBB against PBDE accumulation in the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

Zhao

Qin

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tThis study aimed to investigate the accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the brain compared with that in other tissues among different vertebrates. We collected mice, chickens, ducks, frogs, and fish from an e-waste recycling region in Taizhou, China, and measured PBDE concentrations in brain, liver and muscle tissues. The levels of PBDE in the tissues of mice, chickens, ducks, frogs and fish ranged 0.45e206, 0.06e18.8, 1.83e112, 2.75e108, and 0.02e32.0 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Preferential distribution in the liver and muscle relative to the brain was observed for PBDEs in mice, chickens, ducks and frogs. However, a high retention in the brain compared to the liver and muscle was observed in fish. Comparison of the brain/liver concentration (B/L) ratios revealed differences in PBDEs accumulation in the brain among these vertebrates. PBDEs accumulation in the brain was greatest in fish, followed by frogs, while the lowest accumulation occurred in the brains of mammals and birds. The findings apparently coincided with the evolution of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) across vertebrates, i.e. the BBB of fish might be less efficient than those of mammals, birds and amphibian. Low brominated congeners (such as BDE-28, BDE-47 and BDE-99) were predominant in the brains of investigated vertebrates, whereas BDE-209 was most abundant in liver and muscle tissues of mice, chickens and ducks. Significant differences in B/L ratios among PBDE congeners were found in both mice and chickens (p < 0.05). Particularly in mice, the B/L ratios of PBDE congeners presented a declining trend with increased bromine number. Our findings suggested that low brominated congeners might have a higher capacity to penetrate the BBB and accumulate in the brain, whereas high brominated congeners such as BDE-209 might have less potency to pass through the barrier. Further experimental studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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Section: Pbde Congener Profiles In the Brain Compared With Other Tissuessupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

Zhao

Qin

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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show abstract

“…Recycling of e-waste using primitive methods has resulted in heavy PBDE pollution in the environment, although the primitive e-waste recycling has been controlled. In our previous studies, high concentrations of PBDEs were found in soils, sediments, animal tissues and human samples from some e-waste recycling sites in Taizhou (Liang et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2011). To study what degree PBDE bioaccumulation depends on exposure time and other factors, in this study, we conducted a semi-field experiment in an e-waste recycling site in Taizhou to investigate changes in PBDE concentrations in ducks within a year and discuss crucial factors for PBDE accumulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in ducks with background exposure level and time

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Zhao³

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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h i g h l i g h t sWe conducted a semi-field experiment of ducks in an e-waste recycling site. PPBDEs increased in fat with time, but fluctuated in other tissues with exposure level. High brominated DE levels increased with time but low brominated DE fluctuated in fat. High brominated DEs seem to have longer half-lives than low brominated DEs in fat. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tTo reveal what degree bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) depends on exposure time and other factors, we conducted a semi-field experiment for a year (June 2008-June 2009) in a village in an e-waste recycling site in Taizhou, China. Approximately one hundred of juvenile ducks (Anas domestica Linnaeus) were entrusted to a villager. The ducks lived and forged in a PBDE-polluted pond from the late March to the end of November. Fish and mudsnails that were heavily polluted by PBDEs were main food. In cold days (from December to the middle March), the ducks lived in the villager' house, and mainly fed on paddy, which contained lower concentrations of PBDEs than fish and mudsnails. The female ducks were sampled for PBDE analysis every three months. We found that the P PBDE concentrations in duck liver, muscle, lung and brain fluctuated greatly with the changes of exposure levels that were determined by the environment and diets, but the P PBDE concentrations in fat tissue increased successively with time. Congener analysis demonstrated that the successive increase in the P PBDE concentrations with time in fat tissue was due to the successive increase in concentrations, with large fluctuations of low brominated congeners. The results show that PBDE concentrations in liver, muscle, lung and brain tissues heavily depends on exposure levels rather than exposure time. In fat tissue, by contrast, PBDE concentrations (mainly high brominated congeners) slightly depends on exposure levels but heavily depend on time relative to other tissues, implying that high brominated congeners seem to have longer half-lives than low brominated congeners in fat tissue.

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Toxicokinetics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers across life stages in the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens)

Cary

Karasov

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of flame retardants, are bioaccumulative toxins that can biomagnify in food webs. However, little is known about the toxicokinetics of total and congener-specific BDEs in lower vertebrates. The authors exposed northern leopard frog (Lithobates (Rana) pipiens) tadpoles to diets containing DE-71 (a pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture (0 ng/g as control, 71.4 ng/g, and 634 DE-71 ng/g wet mass)) for 50 d, followed by a period of depuration during which they were fed only undosed (control) food. After 28 d, tadpoles eliminated over 94% of the ΣPBDEs from their tissues (t½ = 5.9 ± 1.9 d) with no significant differences in elimination rates for the predominant congeners. Elimination of BDE-99 was independent of dose, indicating first-order kinetics. It did not fit a biexponential model significantly better than a monoexponential model, indicating single-compartment elimination. To compare developmental life-stage kinetics following larval exposure, the authors collected individuals at the beginning and end of metamorphosis and at 70 d postmetamorphosis. During metamorphosis, total-body residues per individual did not significantly change, implying little to no elimination. After 70 d, juvenile frogs eliminated 89.7% of the ΣPBDEs from their tissues, and BDE-47 was eliminated at a faster rate (t½ = 17.3 d) than BDE-99 and BDE-100 (t½ = 63.0 d and 69.3 d, respectively). Because the kinetics of PBDEs in L. pipiens differed among life stages, developmental life stage-especially for species that undergo metamorphosis-should be considered when determining the toxicity of persistent organic pollutants.

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Bioaccumulation, maternal transfer and elimination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in wild frogs

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

Changes of polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in ducks with background exposure level and time

Toxicokinetics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers across life stages in the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens)

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