Bioaccumulation of Antimony and Arsenic in Vegetables and Health Risk Assessment in the Superlarge Antimony-Mining Area, China

Zeng, Defang; Zhou, Saijun; Ren, Bin; Chen, Tengshu

doi:10.1155/2015/909724

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Regarding the other 2 trace elements included in the present study, the average concentration of Sb in roadside soils of community urban gardens in Canada [26] was lower than the results for most samples analyzed in Madrid, whereas Se concentrations of 2 sites in Pakistan irrigated with domestic wastewater [15] were above the maximum measured concentration in Madrid. Finally, a sampling campaign in the world's largest Sb mine showed that soil mean values of As and Sb were approximately 1 and 2 orders of magnitude larger, respectively, than in the present study [14]. When compared to the regional soil quality standards for human health protection and agriculture land use (i.e., 24 mg/kg, 0.8 mg/kg, and 85 mg/kg for As, Sb, and Se, respectively [27]), Sb exceeded the guideline value in 70% of the urban gardens studied, whereas just 1 sample exceeded the permissible level for As.…”

Section: Trace Element Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…Sipter et al [9] found that in contaminated vegetable gardens near an abandoned mine in Hungary, most of the hazard index was attributable to Pb, with the As content of vegetables under the detection limit. However, considering just the ingestion of soil, the contribution of As to the aggregated hazard index was at least 1 order of magnitude higher Zeng et al [14] 94.44 1267.20…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Risk assessment from exposure to arsenic, antimony, and selenium in urban gardens (Madrid, Spain)

Miguel

Izquierdo

Gomez

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The authors discuss the geochemical behavior of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and selenium (Se) in urban gardens and the human health implications associated with urban agriculture. A total of 42 samples from 7 urban gardens in Madrid, Spain, were collected from the top 20 cm of soil. Concentrations of As, Sb, and Se and the main soil properties (i.e., total iron, pH, texture, calcium carbonate, and organic matter) were determined. A significant correlation was found between As and Sb and calcium carbonate, indicating the possibility of surface adsorption or ligand exchange with the carbonate group. Also, Sb seemed to form stable chelates with soil organic matter. On the other hand, Se showed a significant association with clay and iron content. The concentration of Sb in soil exceeded the recommended value for agricultural use in 70% of the urban gardens. A human health risk assessment resulted in acceptable levels of both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks (although with elevated values of the latter), with As as the main risk driver and soil and food ingestion as the main exposure pathways. The numerical results of the risk assessment should be interpreted with caution given the considerable uncertainties in some exposure variables and the lack of quantitative values for the suspected carcinogenicity of Sb and Se. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:544-550. © 2016 SETAC.

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Section: Trace Element Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 91%

Risk assessment from exposure to arsenic, antimony, and selenium in urban gardens (Madrid, Spain)

Miguel

Izquierdo

Gomez

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…It has been observed that the water, vegetable fields, farmland, and soil in the tailings zone around XKS Antimony Mine are all seriously polluted [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. PTEs released to water and soil have directly polluted crops, with PTEs in edible parts of foliage vegetables, fruits, and rhizomes grown in the affected areas of XKS mining area found to be several times higher than those in non-affected areas, among which, Sb and As are the two PTEs dominating this contamination [11,[14][15][16]. When an excessive amount of PTEs enter the human body, it will cause tumors and diseases to the liver, skin, and respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and even cancer [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Pollution from Mineral Processing Steps at Xikuangshan Antimony Plant, Hunan, China

2019

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We evaluated the direct release to the environment of a number of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from various processing nodes at Xikuangshan Antimony Mine in Hunan Province, China. Sampling wastewater, processing dust, and solid waste and characterizing PTE content (major elements Sb, As, Zn, and associated Hg, Pb, and Cd) from processing activities, we extrapolated findings to assess wider environmental significance using the pollution index and the potential ecological risk index. The Sb, As, and Zn in wastewater from the antimony benefication industry and a wider group of PTEs in the fine ore bin were significantly higher than their reference values. The content of Sb, As, and Zn in tailings were relatively high, with the average value being 2674, 1040, and 590 mg·kg−1, respectively. The content of PTEs in the surface soils surrounding the tailings was similar to that in tailings, and much higher than the background values. The results of the pollution index evaluation of the degree of pollution by PTEs showed that while dominated by Sb, some variation in order of significance was seen namely for: (1) The ore processing wastewater Sb > Pb > As > Zn > Hg > Cd, (2) in dust Sb > As > Cd > Pb > Hg > Zn, and (3) surface soil (near tailings) Sb > Hg > Cd > As > Zn > Pb. From the assessment of the potential ecological risk index, the levels were most significant at the three dust generation nodes and in the soil surrounding the tailings reservoir.

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“…Its longtime and large-scale mining and smelting has produced large amounts of smelting slag. With surface runoff and precipitation infiltration, harmful elements like Sb and the associated elements As and Hg have been released, threatening the environment and human beings [10][11][12][13][14]. When an excessive amount of Sb, As, or Hg enters the human body, it will cause diseases to the liver, skin, tumors, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and even cancer [15][16][17][18][19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Release Law of Sb, As, and Hg in Antimony Smelting Slag Under Simulated Acid Rain

Zhou¹,

Li²,

Ren³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The exploitation and smelting of heavy metals causes serious environmental pollution, which has received extensive attention from researchers all over the world [1][2][3]. The smelting slag produced by the smelting mines is not only land-occupying, but also causes lasting environmental pollution, for large amounts of harmful elements in the smelting slag are released after rain [4][5][6][7]. As the world's largest antimony (Sb) producer, China produces on average 80% of global Sb annually [8].Xikuangshan (XKS) in Hunan, the world's largest Sb mine, is reported to produce 25% of the world's total. The XKS mine has been mining and smelting for almost 120 years. Its longtime and large-scale mining and smelting has produced large amounts of smelting slag. With surface runoff and precipitation infiltration, harmful elements like Sb and the associated elements As and Hg have been released, threatening the environment and human beings [10][11][12][13][14]. When an excessive amount of Sb, As, or Hg enters the human body, it will cause diseases to the liver, skin, tumors, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and even cancer [15][16][17][18][19]. Sb, As, Hg, and their compounds are listed as pollutants of priority interest by the United States Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 26, No. 2 (2017), 925-933 Original Research AbstractThis study takes the Southern antimony smelting slag depot in Xikuangshan (XKS) Sb mine in the city of Lengshuijiang, Hunan, China, as the research object and explores the release law of Sb, As, and Hg in smelting slag under different pH-value simulated acid rain by a semi-dynamic leaching experiment of simulating the local rain. The results show that the leachate pH value is positively correlated with the pH value of simulated acid rain, while the leachate conductivity is negatively correlated with it. The leaching rates of As and Hg are negatively correlated with the pH value of the simulated acid rain, while the leaching rate of Sb is positively correlated with it; in the leaching process, the leachate pH value goes downward slowly after shooting up, but the leachate conductivity is continuously reduced; the releasing process of Sb, As, and Hg consists of two stages, and their leaching rate forms such an order as Sb > Hg > As. The diffraction peak intensity of the main mineral composition of quartz and calcite decreases significantly after leaching; the smelting slag's surface becomes less rough than before leaching, with fewer pores and edges, and the contents of S, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, and Sb on the slag surface decrease while the content of O, As, and Hg increases.Keywords: antimony smelting slag, simulated rain, metal(loid)s, release law *e-mail: zsjaw0745@sina.com DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/65470 926 Zhou S., et al. Environmental Protection Agency [20] and the European Union [21].Until the present, studies at home and abroad are mainly on minerals' adsorption of Sb (III and V) and its desorption, as well as Sb smelting slag's impact on the surrounding environment [22][23][24][25][26][27], but f...

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Bioaccumulation of Antimony and Arsenic in Vegetables and Health Risk Assessment in the Superlarge Antimony-Mining Area, China

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Risk assessment from exposure to arsenic, antimony, and selenium in urban gardens (Madrid, Spain)

Risk assessment from exposure to arsenic, antimony, and selenium in urban gardens (Madrid, Spain)

Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Pollution from Mineral Processing Steps at Xikuangshan Antimony Plant, Hunan, China

Release Law of Sb, As, and Hg in Antimony Smelting Slag Under Simulated Acid Rain

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