Bioaccumulation of insecticide in Agaricus subrufescens

Abstract

Agaricus subrufescens, known as Sun Mushroom, is a high-value mushroom because of its medicinal properties, used as nutraceutical food to stimulate the immune system and to prevent some diseases, including cancer. Mushrooms are generally characterized by their great ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals and other toxic substances from the mushroom compost. Sugarcane bagasse is a common raw material used in mushroom compost production for Agaricus subrufescens cultivation, whereas insecticides, such as fipronil, can be applied to combat several pests in sugarcane crops. For this reason, we aimed to assess mushroom yield and fipronil bioaccumulation in Sun Mushroom, regarding different concentrations added to the mushroom compost (0, 8, 16 and 32 mg kg -1 ) and casing layer (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg -1 ). Each experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Regression analysis from mushroom production data was applied using SISVAR 5.1 program. Fipronil was quantified using gas-liquid chromatography (HP 6890) with thermionic detector (NPD). Mushroom yield was affected when fipronil was added, decreasing from 12% (compost with 0 mg kg -1 of fipronil) to 4.8% (compost with 32 mg kg -1 ). However, bioaccumulation was not detected. In contrast, insecticide bioaccumulation was detected when adding fipronil to casing layer, increasing from <0.01 mg kg -1 (casing layer with 2 mg kg -1 ) to 0.26 mg kg -1 (casing layer with 8 mg kg -1 ), however, mushroom yield was not affected.

Environmental fate and exposure; neonicotinoids and fipronil

“…Limited fipronil mobility was also demonstrated in Australian soils despite rather dry conditions: although measured annual rainfall was only 432.1 mm, mostly falling during the second half of the experiment, significant downward movement of fipronil was measured (Ying and Kookana 2006 ). Fipronil was found to bind to soil organic matter, increasing in the range 0.1–6.5 % (Bobé et al 1997 ; Gunasekara et al 2007 ) and this may explain the low bioaccumulation measured in fungi grown on compost with different concentration of fipronil (Carvalho et al 2014 ).…”

Inoculação De Substrato Colonizado Como Alternativa Aos Pequenos Produtores De Cogumelos Comestíveis No Brasil

“…Os resultados do experimento também oportunizam o uso de inóculo de procedência sustentável e agroecológica, visto que haja interesse pela aquisição de hortaliças frescas no Brasil, cujo processo produtivo não tenha empregado substratos ou insumos químicos que comprometam o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, ou que seja possível de atingir um percentual de 95% de componentes de origem orgânica ao longo da escala produtiva (MAPA, 2016). O cultivo de cogumelos comestíveis não deve empregar aditivos químicos que tenham efeito biocida sobre pragas, em virtude da capacidade desses fungos comestíveis bioacumularem esses compostos durante a formação dos corpos de frutificação (CARVALHO et al, 2014).…”