Bioaccumulation of mercury in blowflies collected near the mercury mine of Idrija, Yugoslavia

Nuorteva, P.; Nuorteva, Sirkka-Liisa; Suckcharoen, Saroj

doi:10.1007/bf01608149

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The Synanthropy Index was calculated using the formula proposed by [1]: S.I. = (2a + b -2c)/2, where a = percentage of individuals collected in the urban area; b = percentage of individuals collected in the rural area; c = percentage of individuals collected in the forest area, employing the same collection method for all areas and evaluating each species, in order to analyze the degree of association between the dipteran species and the anthropic environment.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synanthropy is the ability that certain species have to take advantage of the anthropic environment, whether obtaining resources such as shelter, water, nutritional or reproductive substrate [1], or colonizing niches unintentionally created by men during the urbanization process, being proportionally dependent on the quantity and quality of resources available there [2]. Several diseases can be transmitted by synanthrope animals (sin = around; anthropos = man), such as Calliphoridae, which are identified as carriers of enteropathogenic agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values between +20 and 0 comprise species that show independence from human-inhabited areas, considered hemi-synanthropes; and negative values, between 0 and -100, indicate that this an asynanthrope, by avoiding or distancing itself from urban environments. The formula used is [1]: synanthropy index (S.I.) = (2a + b -2c) / 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synanthropy and ecological aspects of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) in three ecological areas in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Nunes¹,

Azevedo²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The determination of the synanthropic index is essential to evaluate the degree of association between species, such as diptera and man, based solely on their degree of preference for urban areas. This research aimed to study the synanthropic behavior of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae flies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The experiment was conducted between 2021 and 2022 in three areas, where four traps containing 300 g of fresh liver or with 48 h of putrefaction were installed, remaining exposed for 48 h; after collection the dipterans were sacrificed and taxonomically identified. A total of 2,826 dipterans were collected, represented by nine species of Calliphoridae (89.24%) and ten of Mesembrinellidae (10.76%), with the first record of Mesembrinella currani in this biome. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the abundance of individuals did not differ among the three analyzed environments. The Mesembrinellidae family was exclusively asynanthrope, along with two species of Calliphoridae: Hemilucilia benoisti (Séguy 1925) and Paralucilia nigrofacialis (Mello 1969) which were exclusive of the forest area, while Calliphoridae had varied synanthropy. Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann 1819) alone represented 57.18% of the total sampled, being the most abundant in all environments except the urban area where Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius 1805) totaled 55.73%. No species were exclusive to the urban area, however Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel 1858) and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann 1830) were exclusive to the rural area. The most synanthropic species were Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius 1794) and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819).

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synanthropy and ecological aspects of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) in three ecological areas in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Nunes¹,

Azevedo²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…A possible cause of higher enrichment of mercury in the eggs and dead nymphs of A. thalassinus and E. plorans could also be due to a change of inorganic mercury (Hg 2ϩ ) into organic form by soil bacteria (Fukunaga et al 1972;Tonomura et al 1972). Such organic mercury compounds would be very efficiently taken up by the biological systems and accumulated (Haney and Lipsey 1973;Hukabee and Blaylock 1973;Nuorteva et al 1980). Still organic mercury (e.g., CH 3 HgCl) is far more toxic than inorganic mercury (Fukunaga et al 1972).…”

Section: Concentration Of Metals In Substrates and Their Bioaccumulatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heavy Metals (Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+) During the Embryonic Development of Acridid Grasshoppers (Insecta, Caelifera)

Devkota

Schmidt

1999

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Heavy metals present in the soil get differently accumulated in organisms and show different rates of toxicity at different stages of the life cycle of any organism living there. To see whether such toxicants get accumulated during the embryonic development and/or change the normal developmental processes of organisms exposed to heavy metals, freshly laid eggs and egg pods of two acridids, Aiolopus thalassinus and Eyprepocnemis plorans, were tested against different concentrations of Hg2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. At increasing Hg2+ concentration in the substrate, an increased egg mortality and reduced nymphal hatching in A. thalassinus were observed, yet no change in the normal duration for embryonic development was noticed. A higher hatching rate of E. plorans nymphs than that of A. thalassinus could possibly be due to the higher tolerance, contributed by larger egg volume and thicker foam around the egg pods of the former. Treated concentrations of Hg2+ could be of sublethal (0.121 &mgr;g Hg2+/g substrate) to lethal (0.605 &mgr;g and more Hg2+/g substrate) doses. The mortality of eggs did not always increase with increasing substrate concentration of Cd2+ and Pb2+, and the hatching rates of both grasshopper species in many cases were even higher than that in the control. Still, lower accumulation factors of Cd2+ and Pb2+ than that of Hg2+ were found coupled with not increased mortality. The tested concentrations of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the substrates, thus, could be of subacute doses. The embryonic development was found prolonged due to Cd2+ and Pb2+. During parallel egg and egg pod treatments, higher metal concentrations were found in not developed eggs than that in fresh nymphs hatching from the same substrates. This indicated the role of foam around the egg pods as "protective filter" against the toxic substances in the soil.

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“…They can be vectors of several animal and human diseases (Greenberg 1971, Mariluis et al 1989, Fischer et al 2001, and they can cause myiasis in the cattle or man (Guimarães et al 1983). Some species are more associated with human settlements (eusynanthropy) whereas others avoid them (asynanthropy) or live in ecotones or zones of transition (hemisynanthropy) (Nuorteva 1963;Ferreira 1978Ferreira , 1983Linhares 1981;Schnack et al 1995). Due to the these facts those species can be of sanitary importance (Maldonado & Centeno 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) in Hudson, Argentina

Centeno¹,

Gomar²,

Arnillas³

2004

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Diversidade de Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) em Hudson, Argentina RESUMO -As moscas Calliphoridae têm a importância sanitária e forense, e níveis diferentes de associação com os ambientes humanos (sinantropia). Conseqüentemente, as variações da diversidade específica em cada área poderiam ser usadas como um indicador do impacto antrópico. Neste estudo, a comunidade de Calliphoridae em Hudson (Argentina) foi coletada em três areas com graus diferentes de Sinantropia (natural, rural e urbana). As moscas foram atraídas com iscas e capturadas com rede entomológica. Doze coletas foram feitas em cada área e os índices de diversidade de Simpson e de Shannon foram calculados. A área natural foi a mais diversa. As outras duas áreas não mostraram nenhuma diferença significativa entre si. A diversidade foi mais elevada no meio da primavera e no fim do verão, e mais baixa no fim de primavera e no começo do verão. As alterações devido aos ambientes humanos afetam a diversidade, diminuindo a abundância de algumas espécies. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Calliphoridae, comunidade, diversidade específica, sinantropia, Buenos Aires ABSTRACT -Blowflies have sanitary and forensic importance, and different levels of association with human settlements (synanthropy). Therefore, specific diversity changes in each site could be used as an indicator of the anthropic impact. In this study, the community of Calliphoridae in Hudson (Argentina) was sampled in three sites with different degrees of Synanthropy (natural, rural and urban). Flies were attracted with bait and collected with an insect net. Twelve samples were collected in each site and both Simpson and Shannon diversity indexes were calculated. The Natural area was the most diverse. The other two areas showed no significant differences between them. The diversity was higher in the middle of spring and in late summer, and lower at the end of spring and in the beginning of summer. Alterations due to human settlements affect diversity by decreasing the abundance of some species.

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Bioaccumulation of mercury in blowflies collected near the mercury mine of Idrija, Yugoslavia

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Synanthropy and ecological aspects of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) in three ecological areas in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Synanthropy and ecological aspects of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) in three ecological areas in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Effects of Heavy Metals (Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+) During the Embryonic Development of Acridid Grasshoppers (Insecta, Caelifera)

Diversity of Calliphoridae (Insecta: Diptera) in Hudson, Argentina

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