Bioaccumulation of paraquat by Lumbriculus variegatus in the presence of dissolved natural organic matter and impact on energy costs, biotransformation and antioxidative enzymes

Wiegand, Claudia; Pehkonen, Sari; Akkanen, Jarkko; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.048

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Atrazine (127), in water and sediments, increased GST activity in the worm toward CDNB; the increase was more extensive in microsomal GSTs, which were minor components, than in cytosolic ones (Contardo-Jara and Wiegand 2008). Paraquat (149) slightly increased the cytosolic GST activity in this same oligochaete at 5 ppb but significantly inhibited activity at 0.5 ppm (Wiegand et al 2007).…”

Section: Glutathione-s-transferases (Gst)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Because humic substances are usually negatively charged, electrostatic attraction would facilitate the formation of (149)-humic substance complexes. Wiegand et al (2007) demonstrated that reduced uptake of (149) into oligochaetes, by addition of lake dissolved organic matter, decreased the bioavailability of (149). When the effect of sediment adsorption is mitigated by maintaining the water concentration of a chemical constant in water, BAF values for hexachlorobenzene (31) were not significantly decreased in amphipods (Schuytema et al 1990).…”

Section: Bottom Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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The ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide effects in the aquatic environment should normally be based on a deep knowledge of not only the concentration of pesticides and metabolites found but also on the influence of key abiotic and biotic processes that effect rates of dissipation. Although the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides in aquatic organisms are conveniently estimated from their hydrophobicity (represented by log K(ow), it is still indispensable to factor in the effects of key abiotic and biotic processes on such pesticides to gain a more precise understanding of how they may have in the natural environment. Relying only on pesticide hydrophobicity may produce an erroneous environmental impact assessment. Several factors affect rates of pesticide dissipation and accumulation in the aquatic environment. Such factors include the amount and type of sediment present in the water and type of diet available to water-dwelling organisms. The particular physiological behavior profiles of aquatic organisms in water, such as capacity for uptake, metabolism, and elimination, are also compelling factors, as is the chemistry of the water. When evaluating pesticide uptake and bioconcentration processes, it is important to know the amount and nature of bottom sediments present and the propensity that the stuffed aquatic organisms have to absorb and process xenobiotics. Extremely hydrophobic pesticides such as the organochlorines and pyrethroids are susceptible to adsorb strongly to dissolved organic matter associated with bottom sediment. Such absorption reduces the bioavailable fraction of pesticide dissolved in the water column and reduces the probable ecotoxicological impact on aquatic organisms living the water. In contrast, sediment dweller may suffer from higher levels of direct exposure to a pesticide, unless it is rapidly degraded in sediment. Metabolism is important to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation processes, as is detoxification and bioactivation. Hydrophobic pesticides that are expected to be highly stored in tissues would not be bioconcentrated if susceptible to biotic transformation by aquatic organisms to more rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic entities are generally less toxic. By analogy, pesticides that are metabolized to similar entities by aquatic species surely are les ecotoxicologically significant. One feature of fish and other aquatic species that makes them more relevant as targets of environmental studies and of regulation is that they may not only become contaminated by pesticides or other chemicals, but that they constitute and important part of the human diet. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the enzymes that are capable of metabolizing or otherwise assisting in the removal of xenobiotics from aquatic species. Many studies have been performed on the enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing xenobiotics. In addition to the use of conventional biochemical methods, such studies on enzymes are increasingly being conducted using immunochemical met...

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Section: Glutathione-s-transferases (Gst)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Bottom Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Katagi

2009

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

137

102

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“…The organic carbon content in natural sediments is important for the uptake and bioaccumulation of chemicals by the worm. In fact, the bioaccumulation of paraquat, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol decreases as the C-content in the sediment increases (Nikkilä et al 2003;Wiegand et al 2007). Although the specific mechanisms of reduced bioaccumulation are not yet clear, it can be assumed that the binding of potentially bioaccumulative substances to the gut contents (both organic and inorganic material) is one of the most important depuration pathways of sediment-dwelling invertebrates (Kukkonen and Landrum 1994;Nikkilä et al 2003;Wiegand et al 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the bioaccumulation of paraquat, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol decreases as the C-content in the sediment increases (Nikkilä et al 2003;Wiegand et al 2007). Although the specific mechanisms of reduced bioaccumulation are not yet clear, it can be assumed that the binding of potentially bioaccumulative substances to the gut contents (both organic and inorganic material) is one of the most important depuration pathways of sediment-dwelling invertebrates (Kukkonen and Landrum 1994;Nikkilä et al 2003;Wiegand et al 2007). Moreover, Ciparis and Hale (2005) showed that the type of food source might affect the uptake of substances like penta-and decabrominated diphenyl ethers by Lumbriculus since the bioaccumulation was five to ten times higher in spiked sediment than in biosolids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect testing and bioaccumulation of aromatic amines in the sediment compartment

et al. 2009

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“…Durch die Sorption an Sedimenten mit erhöhtem TOCGehalt sinkt die Bioverfügbarkeit von Kontaminanten und führt zu geringeren Anreicherungsfaktoren. In verschiedenen Studien ist dies für Schadstoffe wie 2,4,5-Trichlorphenol, Pentachlorphenol oder Paraquat bereits nachgewiesen worden (Nikkilä et al 2003;Wiegand et al 2007). Speziell der DOC kann die Mobilität von Schadstoffen beeinflussen (Carter und Suffet 1982;Zhao und Lang 1996).…”

Section: Hintergrundunclassified

Influence of increasing sediment organic matter on reproduction and growth of the benthic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegates

et al. 2010

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel Zur Abschätzung des Schädigungspotenzials natürlicher, kontaminierter Sedimente im Rahmen der Europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie stellen Sedimenttoxizitätstests ein wichtiges Instrument dar. Dabei muss es bei der Testinterpretation möglich sein, zwischen natürlichen Einflüssen und anthropogenen Beeinträch-tigungen zu unterscheiden. Der Gesamtgehalt an organischem Kohlenstoff (TOC) als Summe von partikulär gebundenem (POC) und gelöstem (DOC) organischen Kohlenstoff kann die Mobilität von Schadstoffen in Sedimenten beeinflussen. In verschiedenen Studien wurde nachgewiesen, dass neben dem Einfluss auf die Bioverfügbarkeit insbesondere der DOC-Gehalt direkte Effekte auf aquatische Organismen haben kann. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss eines erhöhten Anteils organischer Substanz im Sediment auf die Endpunkte Reproduktion und Biomasse des Sedimenttoxizitätstests mit dem endobenthischen Oligochaeten Lumbriculus variegatus zu ermitteln. Zudem wurden die Anreicherungsfaktoren der hydrophoben Schadstoffe 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorphenyl) ethen (p,p'-DDE), 2´, 3, 4, 4´, 5´-Hexachlorbiphenyl (PCB 138) und 2, 2´, 4, 4´, 5, 5´-Hexachlorbiphenyl (PCB 153) unter Berücksichtigung des TOC-Gehalts und der Expositionsroute (perkutan oder ingestiv) bestimmt.Material und Methoden Die Testdurchführung erfolgte in Anlehnung an die OECD-Richtlinie 225 (2007) unter Verwendung von artifiziellen Sedimenten mit variierenden Torfgehalten. In drei unterschiedlichen Testmodifikationen wurde der Einfluss eines erhöhten TOC-Gehalts ohne und mit Sedimentdotierung ermittelt. Die nominale Schadstoffkonzentration der dotierten Sedimente betrug 50 µg/kg.Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigten maximale Anreicherungsfaktoren von 13 für beide PCB und 11 für p,p'-DDE in Sedimenten mit geringen Torfanteilen. Mit zunehmendem Torfanteil verringerte sich die Höhe der Anreicherungsfaktoren. Dabei stellte die Sedimentingestion die Hauptexpositionsroute dar. Darüber hinaus konnten überwiegend signifikant negative Korrelationen zwischen dem Torfgehalt in undotierten Sedimenten und der Reproduktion sowie der Biomasse ermittelt werden. In Kombination mit den Modellsubstanzen korrelierten sowohl Reproduktion als auch Biomasse positiv mit steigendem Torfgehalt.Diskussion Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse kann eine direkte Wirkung der organischen Substanz, insbesondere von Huminstoffen, auf den Testorganismus nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Da die anhand der Anreicherungsfaktoren ermittelte Bioverfügbarkeit der Schadstoffe mit steigendem TOC-Gehalt abnahm, kann angenommen werden, dass sich durch Konglomeration mit den Modellsubstanzen auch die Verfügbarkeit der Huminstoffe reduzierte.Schlussfolgerungen Bei einer Bewertung von Toxizitäts-tests und Bioakkumulationsstudien mit Lumbriculus variegatus sollte daher der mögliche Einfluss gelöster organischer Substanz auf den Testorganismus berücksichtigt werden.Empfehlungen und Perspektiven Um detailliertere Kenntnisse über die für den Testorganismus kritische DOC-Konzentration zu erhalten, si...

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Bioaccumulation of paraquat by Lumbriculus variegatus in the presence of dissolved natural organic matter and impact on energy costs, biotransformation and antioxidative enzymes

Cited by 40 publications

References 43 publications

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Bioconcentration, Bioaccumulation, and Metabolism of Pesticides in Aquatic Organisms

Effect testing and bioaccumulation of aromatic amines in the sediment compartment

Influence of increasing sediment organic matter on reproduction and growth of the benthic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegates

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