Bioaccumulation of water soluble aluminium chloride in the hippocampus after transdermal uptake in mice

Anane, R.; Bonini, M.; Grafeille, Jean Marie; Creppy, E. E.

doi:10.1007/s002040050214

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Aluminium is absorbed through the human (Flarend et al, 2001;Guillard et al, 2004) and mouse (Anane et al, 1995(Anane et al, , 1997 skin, and it is conceivable that the daily application of antiperspirants, containing high concentrations of aluminium, Figure 5. AlCl 3 is not detectably mutagenic in bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In aqueous solutions at pH 7.0, both aluminium chloride and aluminium chlorohydrate yield aluminium hydroxide and they are absorbed through human and mouse skin (Flarend et al, 2001;Guillard et al, 2004;Anane et al, 1995Anane et al, , 1997. Transdermal uptake of aluminium contained in antiperspirants is not the only route by which this element accumulates in the body, aluminiumbased compounds being found in pharmaceuticals, food additives and various household products (Krewski et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Sappino

Buser

Lesne

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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Aluminium salts used as antiperspirants have been incriminated as contributing to breast cancer incidence in Western societies. To date, very little or no epidemiological or experimental data confirm or infirm this hypothesis. We report here that in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells, a well-established normal human mammary epithelial cell model, long-term exposure to aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 ) concentrations of 10-300 mM, i.e. up to 100 000-fold lower than those found in antiperspirants, and in the range of those recently measured in the human breast, results in loss of contact inhibition and anchorage-independent growth. These effects were preceded by an increase of DNA synthesis, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and senescence in proliferating cultures. AlCl 3 also induced DSBs and senescence in proliferating primary human mammary epithelial cells. In contrast, it had no similar effects on human keratinocytes or fibroblasts, and was not detectably mutagenic in bacteria. MCF-10A cells morphologically transformed by long-term exposure to AlCl 3 display strong upregulation of the p53/p21Waf1 pathway, a key mediator of growth arrest and senescence. These results suggest that aluminium is not generically mutagenic, but similar to an activated oncogene, it induces proliferation stress, DSBs and senescence in normal mammary epithelial cells; and that long-term exposure to AlCl 3 generates and selects for cells able to bypass p53/p21 Waf1 -mediated cellular senescence. Our observations do not formally identify aluminium as a breast carcinogen, but challenge the safety ascribed to its widespread use in underarm cosmetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Sappino

Buser

Lesne

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…The skin is no barrier to aluminium absorption (Exley, 1998). Experiments with shaved adult mice, naked mouse pups and excised skin patches taken from adult mice have all shown that topically applied aluminium salts can be absorbed through mouse skin (Anane et al, 1995(Anane et al, , 1997. Furthermore, dermal absorption of aluminium could be detected in human subjects from a single application of aluminium chlorhydrate using the isotope 26 Al as the tracer (Flarend et al, 2001).…”

Section: Agents That Damage Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Underarm cosmetics and breast cancer

Darbre

2003

J of Applied Toxicology

139

115

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Although risk factors are known to include the loss of function of the susceptibility genes BRCA1/BRCA2 and lifetime exposure to oestrogen, the main causative agents in breast cancer remain unaccounted for. It has been suggested recently that underarm cosmetics might be a cause of breast cancer, because these cosmetics contain a variety of chemicals that are applied frequently to an area directly adjacent to the breast. The strongest supporting evidence comes from unexplained clinical observations showing a disproportionately high incidence of breast cancer in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, just the local area to which these cosmetics are applied. A biological basis for breast carcinogenesis could result from the ability of the various constituent chemicals to bind to DNA and to promote growth of the damaged cells. Multidisciplinary research is now needed to study the effect of long-term use of the constituent chemicals of underarm cosmetics, because if there proves to be any link between these cosmetics and breast cancer then there might be options for the prevention of breast cancer.

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“…All the samples have undergone the necessary treatment before heavy metals analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to the method described in (Anane et al, 1995;Vaidya and Rantala, 1996). For each sample, there were 3 replicates and the average values and standard deviation were calculated.…”

Section: Processing and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Heavy Metals Contents for Some Cigarettes Brands

Agbandji

Patrick

Gbago

et al. 2012

American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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According certain studies, smoking could be associated with an increase of health risk link to heavy metals and these risks would be more important in developed countries. So, this study attempted to verify these informations throuth the comparison of the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) in some cigarettes sold in Benin and France. Composite samples of cigarette brands purchased in Benin (developing country) and France have been taken in the same periods from the two countries. Samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and arsenic (As) by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The amounts (average ± SD) have been compared by the statistical Student p test (T>t) = 0.05. The results showed that all the cigarettes tobacco is differently contaminated with Cd, Pb, Ni and As. The amounts reveal that for all metals the regulatory limits are over passed but the level of contamination varies from one brand to another one. However, it could not be obvious to conclude that the cigarettes in developed countries are more concentrated in heavy metals than those of developing countries. This affirmation has been discussed. Indeed, it appeared that the level of lead and arsenic obtained in some cigarette brands purchased in Benin were significantly higher than (p<0.05) those sold in France. Otherwise, all the France cigarette brands contain about two or three times more cadmium that Beninese cigarettes. However, excepted these particularities, there was no significant differences (p<0.05) between heavy metals contents in cigarette brands sold in Benin and France. Overall, findings from this study suggest that, Beninese cigarettes did not differ in heavy metals contents from cigarettes sold in France markets. The high levels of toxic metals recorded in some cigarette tobacco from each country are probably the result of soil conditions where tobacco is grown. But, the presence of high levels of heavy metals may constitute a global health concern. The adoption of reasonable behavior are needed to preserve the public health.

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Bioaccumulation of water soluble aluminium chloride in the hippocampus after transdermal uptake in mice

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Aluminium chloride promotes anchorage‐independent growth in human mammary epithelial cells

Underarm cosmetics and breast cancer

Comparison of Heavy Metals Contents for Some Cigarettes Brands

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