Bioactivation of Polyaniline for Biomedical Applications and Metal Oxide Composites

Abstract

In this work, the oxidative chemical synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) in the presence of glutamic acid (GA) is presented, using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the oxidizing agent. Syntheses were performed by varying the molar ratio of aniline:amino acid:oxidant. The products of the different reactions were characterized by SEM, TEM, and FTIR techniques. It was observed that the molar ratio of aniline:amino acid:oxidant used in the synthesis determines the composition and conformation of the resulting polymer and its morphological and electrochemical properties. Composite hydrogels were prepared by incorporating the drug-loaded PANI nanofibers in situ through polymerization and cross-linking of acrylamide. TEM images of the cross-section of the hydrogel revealed the formation of a three-dimensional system of the polyaniline nanofibers maintained by the insulating matrix of the polyacrylamide hydrogel. The in vitro release of the drug from the hydrogels composed of polyacrylamide/polyaniline against buffer solutions at different pH and temperature was studied, using orbital agitation. Finally, considering the potential of hydrogels composed of polyacrylamide/polyaniline for the controlled release of drugs, a study was conducted to evaluate their cytotoxicity against normal mouse subcutaneous tissue cells.

Emerging Applications of Versatile Polyaniline-Based Polymers in the Food Industry

“…PANI nanofibres and nanoparticles were biocompatible at concentrations below 10 and 100 ppm, indicating that PANI nanofibres possessed stronger cytotoxicity [ 53 ]. Other PANI-based polymers for applications such as scaffolds, antibacterial materials, biosensors, and drug carriers were also proven to be biocompatible as long as the concentration of PANI was kept beneath the cytotoxicity threshold [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Retracted: Bioactivation of Polyaniline for Biomedical Applications and Metal Oxide Composites

“…Tis article has been retracted by Hindawi, as publisher, following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. Tis investigation has uncovered evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication and peer-review process.…”