Bioactive 3D-Shaped Wound Dressings Synthesized from Bacterial Cellulose: Effect on Cell Adhesion of Polyvinyl Alcohol Integrated In Situ

Abstract

We investigated wound dressing composites comprising fibrils of bacterial cellulose (BC) grown by fermentation in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) followed by physical crosslinking. The reference biointerface, neat BC, favoured adhesion of fibroblasts owing to size exclusion effects. Furthermore, it resisted migration across the biomaterial. Such effects were minimized in the case of PVA/BC membranes. Therefore, the latter are suggested in cases where cell adhesion is to be avoided, for instance, in the design of interactive wound dressings with facile exudate control. The bioactivity and other properties of the membranes were related to their morphology and structure and considered those of collagen fibres. Bioactive materials were produced by simple 3D templating of BC during growth and proposed for burn and skin ulcer treatment.

Development of novel three‐dimensional scaffolds based on bacterial nanocellulose for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Effect of processing methods, pore size, and surface area

“…The biomaterials perform as a viscoelastic hydrogel. Similar to those found in living tissues, two zones can be differentiated: first, the linear elasticity, approximately 5% strain, due to the bending of the pore walls, followed by densification (from 10% to 20% strain) of the micro and nanostructure of BNC …”

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Biocompatibility Assessment (Blood and Tissue) of Three-Dimensional Bacterial Nanocellulose Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Implants

“…BNC is produced by strains such as Acetobacter, Sarcina, Gluconacetobacter , and Komagataiebacter 2–4 . As a natural nanoscale biomaterial, BNC possesses different characteristics from other cellulose types, including its morphology (collagen biomimicry), biocompatibility, and lack of toxicity 5 , which have been thoroughly explored in biomedical areas, mainly as a two-dimensional (2D) biomaterial 6–10 . Use of a three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial for cell regenerative and tissue engineering approaches allows cell infiltration to the inner areas of the material 11,12 .…”

“…16 3D bioprinted human chondrocyte-laden nanocellulose hydrogels for patient-specific auricular cartilage regeneration 16 , both of which were seen as promising approaches for the regeneration of auricular cartilage in in vitro evaluations 15,16 . Nevertheless, there are also other strategies, such as the inclusion of porogenic agents 17 and freeze-drying 5,18 . For instance, Krontiras et al .…”

“…Accordingly, the aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of the pore diameter on the ex vivo haemocompatibility (haemolysis and clotting time) of and short- and long-term in vivo implantation response to microporous 3D BNC biomaterials. Furthermore, this manuscript assesses the haemocompatibility of 2D BNC for comparison purposes because although some applications of blood-contacting biomedical devices comprising 2D BNC were found in the literature 5,8,34 , there is no assessment of the haemocompatibility of those biomaterials.…”

Recent Advances in Polymer Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery of Adjuvants in Colorectal Cancer Treatment: A Scientific-Technological Analysis and Review

“…Polyols are polymers with hydroxyl groups [156]. A representative polymer of this family is the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which is synthesized by the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate [157,158]. PVA is a water-soluble polymer that can generate hydrogels by chemical or physical crosslinking [159].…”