Bioactive agents from Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G. Don bark extracts for health promotion and nutraceutical uses

Abstract

BackgroundParkia biglobosa stem bark extracts were prepared using methanol, methanol 80%, water and ethyl acetate to study their phytochemical contents, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties.ResultsLC‐QTOF‐MS and LC‐MSn revealed the presence of flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and gallotannins. Particularly, the water extract contained rutin (480 μg/100 mg) and 3‐caffeoylquinic acid (1109 μg/100 mg) in higher amounts, while the 80% methanol extract contains methoxyluteolin‐7‐O‐rutinoside and catechin derivatives as major compounds. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were yielded in the range of 32.26‐119.88 mg GAE/g and 0.60‐2.39 mg RE/g, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity was also displayed in the range of 0.53‐6.34 mmol TE/g. Both the methanolic extracts showed higher total antioxidant capacity which could be related to the total phenolic contents. Radical scavenging capacity in DPPH (37.21‐508.30 mg TE/g) and ABTS (60.95‐1068.06 mg TE/g) assays, reducing power in CUPRAC (54.23‐1002.78 mg TE/g) and FRAP (33.18‐558.68 mg TE/g) assays as well as metal chelating activity (2.45‐11.28 mg EDTAE/g) were exhibited by all extracts. All extracts were found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (0.23‐2.47 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (27.20‐83.33 mg KAE/g), amylase (mmol ACAE/g). On the other hand, all extracts except the water extract, inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (5.38‐6.56 mg GALAE/g), while only the water and ethyl acetate extract showed glucosidase inhibitory potential (1.96 and 1.82 mmol ACAE/g). In general, the water extract was found to be a weaker enzyme inhibitor suggesting that water is not the preferrable extraction solvent to obtain active products.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the stem bark extracts of P. biglobosa contains good amount of phytochemical and extracts present significant antioxidant as well as reasonable enzyme inhibitory effects. Hence, these findings suggest that further studies can be performed on more specific biological targets and models of bioactivity to determine their safe usage as a nutraceutical or for the preparation functional foods.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Contemporary Insights into the Biological Mechanisms of Parkia biglobosa

“…Polyphenols, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids have all been identified in various extracts of the leaf, seed, root, and bark of the medicinal plant. In several studies, the bioactive molecules of PB were isolated and purified via bioactivity-guided solvent extraction and thin-layer, column, and high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques, while its structures were characterized using gas chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (GC-ESI/MS) [2,[20][21][22][23][24]. Phenolic acids like gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids/tannins including quercetin, rutin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, naringenin 7-4'-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 1-(ω-feruloyllignoceryl)-glycerol, and 4-O-methyl-epigallocatechin were all identified in the leaf, root, and bark [2,[23][24][25][26].…”

“…In several studies, the bioactive molecules of PB were isolated and purified via bioactivity-guided solvent extraction and thin-layer, column, and high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques, while its structures were characterized using gas chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (GC-ESI/MS) [2,[20][21][22][23][24]. Phenolic acids like gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids/tannins including quercetin, rutin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, naringenin 7-4'-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 1-(ω-feruloyllignoceryl)-glycerol, and 4-O-methyl-epigallocatechin were all identified in the leaf, root, and bark [2,[23][24][25][26]. Following solvent extraction of PB seed oil and TLC separation of the sterol fractions, the GC-MS technique was used to determine the individual sterols, including b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and ∆ 5 -avenasterol [20,21].…”

“…The authors of the study hypothesized that the antihyperglycemic effect of PB seed and the improvement in abnormal biochemical and hematological markers in rats induced with STZ may be attributed, at least partially, to the presence of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phytochemicals in the seed [51]. The hypoglycemic effect of the PB leaf may be attributed to its ability to inhibit key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase [24,52]. The hypoglycemic impact of Parkia biglobosa was linked to the inhibitory effects of a triterpenoid ingredient, lupeol, on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes [3].…”