Bioactive antinutritional peptides derived from cereal prolamins: A Review

Abstract

Alcohol-soluble endosperm proteins (prolamins) from some cereals (e.g. wheat, barley, and rye) give origin upon proteolytic digestion to biologically-active antinutritional peptides able to adversely affect in vivo the intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients, whereas prolamins from other cereals (e.g. maize and rice) do not. These antinutritional peptides are also able to: (a) prevent in vitro recovery of atrophic coeliac mucosa; (b) to inhibit differentiation of isolated rat fetal and chick fetal intestines; and (c) to interact with undifferentiated cells either agglutinating them or affecting their proliferation and metabolism. Studies performed with A-gliadin, a highly purified bread wheat prolamin fraction, and its fragments obtained either by chemical cleavage of A-gliadin or by synthesis from aminoacids, clearly pointed out to a few small sequences very rich in glutamine and proline residues as the biologically-active agents. Several protective substances, including mannan and N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose, have been identified as being able to prevent the effects of these peptides in vitro, but the evidence of their in vivo activity is still missing. The present paper provides a synthetic overview of the available data concerning this highly complex matter and offers a critical appraisal of present hypotheses on the action mechanism of biologically-active peptides derived from cereal prolamins.

Chickpea protein hydrolysate as a substitute for serum in cell culture

“…While cell proliferation is promoted by peptides from fish (Ravallec Ple et al 2001;Ravallec Ple et al 2000), soybean (Franek et al 2000), wheat (Franek et al 2000), and milk (Kayser and Meisel 1996), cell growth inhibition by peptides derived from soybean (Kops et al 1997) and milk (Ganjam et al 1997) has been described. Peptides derived from wheat have been found to inhibit (Giovannini et al 2000;Silano and De Vincenzi 1999) and promote (Rivabene et al 1999;Rocca et al 1983) cell death. Short-chain peptides with diverse biological properties, including cell growth regulation, can be released from food proteins during digestion and in vitro hydrolysis (Meisel and Bockelmann 1999;Vioque et al 2001).…”

An immunodominant DQ8 restricted gliadin peptide activates small intestinal immune response in in vitro cultured mucosa from HLA-DQ8 positive but not HLA-DQ8 negative coeliac patients

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9] This does not seem to be true for the remaining HLA-DQ8 determinant which belongs to a glutenin molecule. 17 We aimed to transfer these observations to a more complex system represented by the in vitro organ culture of coeliac biopsies, a model already used in the past to test the biological properties of gliadin peptides 14 and, more recently, their immunogenicity. 10 13 Our data showed that the DQ8 restricted gliadin epitope, identified for its activity on T cell clones, 8 9 was also active in the organ culture system of the treated coeliac mucosa.…”

Antihypertensive Properties of Plant Protein Derived Peptides

“…wheat, barley, and rye) give origin upon proteolytic digestion to biologically active antinutritional peptides able to adversely affect in vivo the intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients, whereas prolamins from other cereals (e.g. maize and rice) do not [30]. A large deal of cereal proteins originates from by-products following production of starch, malting or brewing industry.…”