Bioactive Components in Whole Grains for the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Function

Abstract

Skeletal muscle plays a primary role in metabolic health and physical performance. Conversely, skeletal muscle dysfunctions such as muscular dystrophy, atrophy and aging-related sarcopenia could lead to frailty, decreased independence and increased risk of hospitalization. Dietary intervention has become an effective approach to improving muscle health and function. Evidence shows that whole grains possess multiple health benefits compared with refined grains. Importantly, there is growing evidence demonstrating that bioactive substances derived from whole grains such as polyphenols, γ-oryzanol, β-sitosterol, betaine, octacosanol, alkylresorcinols and β-glucan could contribute to enhancing myogenesis, muscle mass and metabolic function. In this review, we discuss the potential role of whole-grain-derived bioactive components in the regulation of muscle function, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms by which these compounds regulate muscle biology. This work will contribute toward increasing awareness of nutraceutical supplementation of whole grain functional ingredients for the prevention and treatment of muscle dysfunctions.

Proteoglycan Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorated Diabetes-Induced Muscle Atrophy via the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro

“…Histopathological analysis showed that oral administration of FYGL increased the muscle fiber CSA ( Figures 2 B and 3 B) and inhibited the overexpression of myostatin ( Figures 2 D and 3 D), a negative regulator of muscle mass, in both diet-induced T2D rats (HFD/STZ rats) and genetically induced T2D mice ( db/db mice). These results are consistent with reports of other natural compounds, such as resveratrol derived from whole grains, 43 quercetin, 44 and ghrelin, 45 which have been shown to contribute to the enhancement of muscle mass in mouse models. Besides, it was found that FYGL significantly suppressed the expression of atrogin 1 , a marker of muscle atrophy, 4 in HFD/STZ rats ( Figure 2 E).…”

Long-term Consumption of Highland Barley Tea Promotes Healthy Aging of Skeletal Muscle

“…Morever, the results of skeletal muscle staining also showed that after HBT intervention, the connective tissue in the gastrocnemius of mice was significantly reduced, the content of type I muscle fibers was increased, and the exercise ability was also improved. Skeletal muscle function decline is closely related to the increase or dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative stress 33 . HBT is rich in natural functional compounds, which can effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the body 6 .…”

Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care—clinically relevant 3PM innovation

“…Octacosanol (octacosan-1-ol, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 26 CH 2 -OH)) is a straight‐chain primary aliphatic saturated alcohol contained, for example, in rice bran, sugarcane, beeswax, wheat, apple, barks, leaves, Antarctic krills, and whole seeds [ 398 , 399 ].…”

“…Octacosanol can help resisting fatigue by modulating muscle-fiber-type transition via muscular energy metabolism. The mechanism is mediated by the Bcl3/TLRs/MAPK signaling pathway [ 398 , 401 ]. To this end, octacosanol regulates several signaling pathways including AMPK, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK/NF-κB highly relevant for the key physiological functions [ 399 ].…”