Bioactive compounds, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Tamarindus indica Linn.

Abstract

Tamarindus indica is one of the tropical medicinal plants that has been attributed curative potential of numerous diseases by many rural dwellers. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial activities and also to determine the various chemical constituents responsible for its pharmacological activities. The methanol extract of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer to determine the volatile compounds present. The antioxidant activities were performed using DPPH and FRAP method and the antibacterial activity was tested against some common pathogens by macro broth dilution method. The GCMS analysis shows the presence of 37 compounds, out of which 14 had their peak area percentages ≥ 1% and only two compounds had no reported pharmacological activities. Most of the bioactive compounds including 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (31.06%)-3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (16.31%), 1,6-anhydro-β-D-Glucopyranose (9.95%), 5-methyl-Furancarboxaldehyde (3.2%), Triethylenediamine (1.17%), 1-(2-furanyl)-1-Propcanone (2.18%), Methyl 2-furoate (3.14%), Levoglucosenone (3.21%), methyl ester-Hepta-2,4-dienoic acid, (8.85%), 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydrox-4H-Pyran-4-one (3.4%), O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside (2.18%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (1.38%), 2-Heptanol, acetate (1.29%), 5-[(5-methyl-2-fur-2-Furancarboxaldehyde (1.08%), 3-Methyl-2-furoic acid (1.05%) and cis-Vaccenic acid (2.85%)have been reported with different activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, anticancer, antioxidant and other prophylactic activities. The extract demonstrated inhibitory potential against all tested pathogen. However, Plesiomonas shigellosis ATCC 15903 and Bacillus pumillus ATCC 14884 are more sensitive with the MIC of 0.22 and 0.44 mg/ml respectively. The antioxidant activity was relatively low due to the low phenolic content of the extract. This shows that there is a strong correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic content. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents with various biological activities and this justifies the rationale behind its usage as a curative therapy by many local dwellers.

In vitro antibacterial activity of fruit pulp extracts of Tamarindus indica against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae

“…Similarly, a more recent study by Fagbemi et al [ 45 ] on bioactive compounds, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract against Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter calcaoceuticus , Plesiomonas shigelloides Bacillus cereus , and Staphylococcus aureus , also revealed the effectiveness of the extract on all the tested bacteria strains, and gave credit to the presence of β-sitosterol, cis-Vaccenic acid and other compounds like alkaloids and flavonoid as reported by other studies. The present study therefore, confirms previous findings and backs the evidence that suggests the involvement of fruit pulp in pharmaceutical products against pathogenic bacteria.…”

GC-MS analysis of the bioactive phytochemical compounds with anticancer activity in the Capparis cartilaginea fruit extracts

“…There were 37 compounds identified by the GC-MS analysis. Two of the bioactive substances were comparable to our research, including 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (31.06%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (1.38%), which have been reported to have anticancer activity, as well as a variety of prophylactic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitubercular activities[42].…”

Combined Efficacy of Lawsonia inermis and Myrtus communis Extract as a Potential Factor in Bacterial Treatment to Hospital Wastewater, Iraq

“…Table 3 represents the most important chemical compounds found in the water Yass extract, and the results were the best results extracted from the activity against bacteria (table 10), as this extract was able to reduce most of the bacterial activity. C6H6O3 has an area of 39.1388% It represents the highest recorded area, Phenol compounds are the most effective against bacteria, especially with accompanying C6H8O4 [23]. The study revealed that most phenolic compounds are present in water Yass, such as C3H6O3, and C6H6O2, these compounds have a high ability to oxidize.…”