Bioactive Compounds from Brazilian Lichens and Their Biotechnological Applications

Pereira, Eugênia C.; Silva, Nicácio H. da; Buril, Maria de Lourdes Lacerda; Martins, Mônica Cristina Barroso; Silva, Hianna A.M.F.; Falcão, Emerson Peter da Silva; Costa, Mateus Matiuzzi da; Legaz, Marı́a Estrella; Santiago, Rocío; Vicente, Carlos

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1761-7_9

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Cladonia rangiferina L3 and L35 produce atranorin, a β-orcinol derivative lichen compound. The biosynthesis of atranorin includes a PKS pathway to synthesise the orsellinic acid or methyl-3-orsellinate molecule [ 104 , 105 ]. An oxidase and a dehydrogenase may also be involved in the synthesis of the atranorin precursor haemmatomoyl aldehyde [ 105 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biosynthesis of atranorin includes a PKS pathway to synthesise the orsellinic acid or methyl-3-orsellinate molecule [ 104 , 105 ]. An oxidase and a dehydrogenase may also be involved in the synthesis of the atranorin precursor haemmatomoyl aldehyde [ 105 ]. While the biosynthetic pathway of atranorin is still unknown, CrPKS16 may be involved in the biosynthesis of the atranorin precursors [ 106 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial Communities of Cladonia Lichens and Their Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Potentially Encoding Natural Products

et al. 2021

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Lichens have been widely used in traditional medicine, especially by indigenous communities worldwide. However, their slow growth and difficulties in the isolation of lichen symbionts and associated microbes have hindered the pharmaceutical utilisation of lichen-produced compounds. Advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques now permit detailed investigations of the complex microbial communities formed by fungi, green algae, cyanobacteria, and other bacteria within the lichen thalli. Here, we used amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and in silico metabolomics together with compound extractions to study reindeer lichens collected from Southern Finland. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of Cladonia species as sources of novel natural products. We compared the predicted biosynthetic pathways of lichen compounds from isolated genome-sequenced lichen fungi and our environmental samples. Potential biosynthetic genes could then be further used to produce secondary metabolites in more tractable hosts. Furthermore, we detected multiple compounds by metabolite analyses, which revealed connections between the identified biosynthetic gene clusters and their products. Taken together, our results contribute to metagenomic data studies from complex lichen-symbiotic communities and provide valuable new information for use in further biochemical and pharmacological studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Communities of Cladonia Lichens and Their Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Potentially Encoding Natural Products

et al. 2021

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Depside and depsidone synthesis in lichenized fungi comes into focus through a genome-wide comparison of the olivetoric and physodic acid chemotype of Pseudevernia furfuracea

Singh

Armaleo

Grande

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Primary biosynthetic enzymes involved in the synthesis of lichen polyphenolic compounds depsides and depsidones are Non-Reducing Polyketide Synthases (NR-PKSs), and cytochrome P450s (CytP450). However, for most depsides and depsidones the corresponding PKSs are unknown. Additionally, in non-lichenized fungi specific fatty acyl synthases (FASs) provide starters to the PKSs. Yet, the presence of such FASs in lichenized fungi remains to be investigated. Here we implement comparative genomics and metatranscriptomics to identify the most likely PKS and FASs for the synthesis of olivetoric and physodic acid, the primary depside and depsidone defining the two chemotypes of the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea. We propose that the gene cluster PF33-1_006185, found in both chemotypes, is the most likely candidate for olivetoric and physodic acid biosynthesis. This is the first study to identify the gene cluster and the FAS likely responsible for physodic and olivetoric acid biosynthesis in a lichenized fungus. Our findings suggest that gene regulation and other epigenetic factors determine whether the mycobiont produces the depside or the depsidone, providing the first direct indication that chemotype diversity in lichens can arise through regulatory and not only through genetic diversity. Combining these results and existing literature, we propose a detailed scheme for depside/depsidone synthesis.

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Bioactive Compounds from Brazilian Lichens and Their Biotechnological Applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 99 publications

Microbial Communities of Cladonia Lichens and Their Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Potentially Encoding Natural Products

Microbial Communities of Cladonia Lichens and Their Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Potentially Encoding Natural Products

Depside and depsidone synthesis in lichenized fungi comes into focus through a genome-wide comparison of the olivetoric and physodic acid chemotype of Pseudevernia furfuracea

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