Bioactive Compounds from Nocardia: Biosynthesis and Production

Dhakal, Dipesh; Shrestha, Anil; Thuần, Nguyễn Huy; Rayamajhi, Vijay; Mishra, Rajneesh Kumar; Magar, Rubin Thapa; Sohng, Jae Kyung

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04675-0_3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…However, some Gram-positive bacterial cells are very difficult to disrupt, particularly species of Actinobacteria in the order Corynebacteriales, which includes the genera Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Williamsia, Nocardia and Gordonia. Species within these genera are of biotechnological interest due to their broad catalytic activity in degrading toxic and persistent pollutants [4][5][6], synthesis of storage compounds with potential as biofuels (including triacylglycerols) or specialty chemicals [7][8][9] and synthesis of bioactive compounds and enzymes of pharmacological interest or with industrial applications [10,11]. The Corynebacteriales are highly or partially resistant to lysozyme due to their complex, lipid-rich cell envelopes which include mycolic acids covalently bound to arabinogalactan thence peptidoglycan [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking DNA Extraction Methods for Phylogenomic Analysis of Sub-Antarctic Rhodococcus and Williamsia Species

et al. 2021

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Bacteria containing mycolic acids in their cell envelope are often recalcitrant to cell lysis, so extracting DNA of sufficient quality for third-generation sequencing and high-fidelity genome assembly requires optimization, even when using commercial kits with protocols for hard-to-lyse bacteria. We benchmarked three spin-column-based kits against a classical DNA extraction method employing lysozyme, proteinase K and SDS for six lysozyme-resistant, sub-Antarctic strains of Corynebaceriales. Prior cultivation in broths containing glycine at highly growth-inhibitory concentrations (4.0–4.5%) improved cell lysis using both classical and kit methods. The classical method produced DNA with average fragment sizes of 27–59 Kbp and tight fragment size ranges, meeting quality standards for genome sequencing, assembly and phylogenomic analyses. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we classified two strains as Williamsia and four strains as Rhodococcus species. Pairwise comparison of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and alignment fraction (AF), plus genome clustering analysis, confirmed Rhodococcus sp. 1163 and 1168 and Williamsia sp. 1135 and 1138 as novel species. Phylogenetic, lipidomic and biochemical analyses classified psychrotrophic strains 1139 and 1159 as R. qingshengii and R. erythropolis, respectively, using ANI similarity of >98% and AF >60% for species delineation. On this basis, some members of the R. erythropolis genome cluster groups, including strains currently named as R. enclensis, R. baikonurensis, R. opacus and R. rhodochrous, would be reclassified either as R. erythropolis or R. qingshengii.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking DNA Extraction Methods for Phylogenomic Analysis of Sub-Antarctic Rhodococcus and Williamsia Species

et al. 2021

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“…5 However, it is only relatively recently that the genusNocardia has been recognized as a potential source of bioactive SMs. 6 Small-scale genomic studies have shown that these bacteria have a secondary metabolic potential to rival Streptomyces, yet the vast majority of these predicted biosynthetic loci remain cryptic. 7,8 With the increasing influx of genome sequencing data, comparative genomics is now routinely used to show associations between bacteria and to define conserved genetic loci.…”

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Identification and Mobilization of a Cryptic Antibiotic Biosynthesis Gene Locus from a Human-Pathogenic Nocardia Isolate

et al. 2019

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The genus Nocardia contains >50 human pathogenic species that cause a range of illnesses from skin and soft tissue infections to lung and brain infections. However, despite their membership in the most prominent family of secondary metabolite producers (the Actinomycetes), the ability of Nocardia species, especially those that cause human infections, to produce secondary metabolites has not been as well studied. Using genome mining, we have investigated cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters from Nocardia species and identified a conserved locus within human pathogenic strains of Nocardia brasiliensis and Nocardia vulneris. Direct capture and heterologous expression in a Streptomyces host activated the biosynthetic locus, revealing it to be the source of the brasiliquinones, benz[a]anthraquinone antibiotics whose biosynthetic pathway has remained hidden for over two decades, until now. Our findings highlight these hitherto neglected human pathogenic Nocardia as a source of diverse and important natural products.

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Actinobacteria: Smart Micro-Factories for The Health Sector

Roohi,

Bano

2025

BIOT

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Antibiotics are considered "wonder drugs" due to the fact that they are the most extensively utilised medication in the world. They are used to cure a broad spectrum of diseases and lethal infections. A variety of bacteria and fungi produce antibiotics as a result of secondary metabolism; however, their production is dominated by a special class of bacteria, namely Actinobacteria. Actinobacteria are gram-positive bacteria with high G+C content and unparalleled antibiotic-producing ability. They produce numerous polyenes, tetracyclines, β-lactams, macrolides, and peptides. Actinobacteria are ubiquitous in nature and are isolated from various sources, such as marine and terrestrial endophytes of plants and air. They are studied for their relative antibiotic-producing ability along with the mechanism that the antibiotics follow to annihilate the pathogenic agents that include bacteria, fungi, protozoans, helminths, etc. Actinobacteria isolated from endophytes of medicinal plants have amassed significant attention as they interfere with the metabolism of medicinal plants and acquire enormous benefits from it in the form of conspicuous novel antibiotic-producing ability. Actinobacteria is not only an antibiotic but also a rich source of anticancer compounds that are widely used owing to its remarkable tumorigenic potential. Today, amongst Actinobacteria, class Streptomyces subjugates the area of antibiotic production, producing 70% of all known antibiotics. The uniqueness of bioactive Actinobacteria has turned the attention of scientists worldwide in order to explore its potentiality as effective “micronanofactories”. This study provides a brief overview of the production of antibiotics from Actinobacteria inhabiting diverse environments and the methods involved in the screening of antibiotics.

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Bioactive Compounds from Nocardia: Biosynthesis and Production

Cited by 3 publications

References 118 publications

Benchmarking DNA Extraction Methods for Phylogenomic Analysis of Sub-Antarctic Rhodococcus and Williamsia Species

Benchmarking DNA Extraction Methods for Phylogenomic Analysis of Sub-Antarctic Rhodococcus and Williamsia Species

Identification and Mobilization of a Cryptic Antibiotic Biosynthesis Gene Locus from a Human-Pathogenic Nocardia Isolate

Actinobacteria: Smart Micro-Factories for The Health Sector

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