Bioactive compounds in fresh and dried ginger root (Zingiber Officinale)

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is known as an additive for food and therapeutic purposes. It can help improve memory, helps eliminate toxins from the body, lowering arterial pressure and cholesterol, and is a good source of many bioactive compoundsphenolic s, vitamins and mineral elements. The aim of study was to determine biological active compounds of fresh and dried ginger in aqueous extracts. Spectrophotometric methods were used for determination content of total phenolic (according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method) and flavonoid compounds (aluminium chloride method) as well as antioxidant activity with DPPH radical. Content of vitamin C was determined by titration with with 2.6-dichlorphenolindophenol. The highest content of phenolic compounds (104.7±4.5 mg GAE 100 g-1 DW) in water extracts was obtained using fresh ginger root; it is for 30% more than from dried root sample. The flavonoid content was higher in the samples obtained from fresh ginger peel (68.74±3.39 mg quercetin equivalent 100 g-1 , DW) and there were not significant differences in the use of fresh or dried ginger root (46.16±2.23 mg quercetin equivalent 100 g-1 on average, DW). Content of vitamin C in aqueous extract from fresh ginger root (4.59±0.98 mg 100 g-1 , DW) was for 21.7% higher than from fresh ginger peel, but there were not significant differences (p>0.05) regarding dried samples (3.43±0.71 mg 100 g-1 , DW). Order of antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging activity in aqueous extracts was as follows: fresh ginger root > dried ginger root > fresh ginger peel > dried ginger peel. The recommendation is that fresh ginger root is more suitable for obtaining a richer extract with the biological active compound, as the drying process affects both the phenol and vitamin C content in the samples and in the extract accordingly.

Ginger Bioactives: A Comprehensive Review of Health Benefits and Potential Food Applications

“…[9,10]. If a comparison is drawn on the basis of the phenolic profile, conventional solvent extraction using water and ethanol as solvents resulted in total phenolic contents of 104.7 ± 4.5 mg GAE/100 g and 650.44 ± 27.32 mg GAE/100 g of dry weight, respectively [31,32], while the extract of freeze-dried ginger powder produced through sonication came up with a total phenolic content of 931.94 ± 0.02 mg GAE/100 g of dry weight [27]. The chemical composition and yield of ginger extract and ginger essential oil are also influenced by the extraction method.…”

Possible Ameliorative Role of Ethanolic Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale) against Testicular Toxicity Induced By Monosodium Glutamate In Albino Rats

“…Additionally, ginger extract has high antioxidant activities, which keep the equilibrium between ROS and antioxidant resistance enzymes in testis cells (Banihani, 2019) Consequently, it may lead to the enhancement of the biosynthesis of testosterone hormone, and improvement of the male reproductive functions in rats. Based on our result (Ozola et al, 2019) reported that ginger includes numerous antioxidants involving vitamin C, flavonoids, and phenol elements, as well as indicated that ginger ethanol extract contains great concentrations of tannins and alkaloids and includes high levels of phenolic and flavonoid elements which displayed significant regained testis histopathological alterations. In conclusion.…”

Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of selected underutilized plants in Nadir Plot Taman Botani, Sri Medan, Johor

“…The study aimed to evaluate the presence or absence of flavonoid and phenol compounds in the plant samples. These components are recognized as naturally occurring antioxidants with possible physiological and therapeutic applications [11].…”

“…The findings of the phytochemical screening are shown in Table 1, which shows that all leaf samples from the chosen plant species contained phenol and flavonoids. It is acknowledged that phenol and flavonoids play a crucial role in giving plants their antioxidant qualities [11]. Methanol was a strategically chosen solvent for the phytochemical screening process because of its high polarity, amphiphilic character, and capacity to extract a broad variety of chemical components from plants.…”