Bioactive compounds of ethanol extract from agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis) and antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi growing on the skin

Abstract

Abstract. Batubara R, Wirjosentono B, Siregar AH, Harahap U, Tamrin. 2021. Bioactive compounds of ethanol extract from agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis) and antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi growing on the skin. Biodiversitas 22: 2884-2890. Agarwood plants (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) provide numerous benefits and have been cultivated by the people. The leaves containing various compounds, such as flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids and tannins with antibacterial and antifungal activities, were reported to be potential for flesh wound healing. Therefore, research on these activities against microorganisms that cause infection in wounds was carried out in vitro. This research aims to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of agarwood leaves ethanol extract against three bacteria species (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes) and two fungi species (Candida albicans and Trichophyton sp.) that commonly cause skin infection. The results of this research show that the concentration of ethanol extract of agarwood leaves affected the bacterial and fungal growth inhibition zone’s diameter. The best inhibitory potential occurred at 5% concentration in activity against bacteria and fungi. The extract’s active compounds contributing to the antimicrobial activity were the flavonoids and tannins. Furthermore, GC-MS identification shows that the ethanol extract from agarwood leaves contained Disulfide, dioctyl; 6,7-Dimethylquinoxaline; (E)-1,3-Di-m-tolylallyl ethyl Carbonate; 5-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one; 9-[(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]benzo[3,4]cyclod ec-3-ene-1,5-diyne; Neophytadiene, 2-Hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-, [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]-; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and a-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-aphenoxy-a-phenyl acetonitrile

Antifungal potential of volatiles produced by Aspergillus neoniger F14 against Ganoderma boninense

“…Cyclopentane and its derivatives (hydrocarbons) were also highlighted by Widada et al [21] as part of the VOCs produced by N. alba. In another study utilizing agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) leaves, the ethanol extract from this plant contains variants of carbonate compound that exhibit antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Trichophyton sp [26]. However, there is currently no specific information regarding these two compounds, which could potentially be further explored through the in vitro testing of pure compounds against G. boninense.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in Oral Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Management

“…The antibacterial activity test shows that agarwood essential oil has a good inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, and has a more obvious antibacterial effect on Gram-positive bacteria. Because the cell wall of the external gram-negative bacteria contains a layer of lipopolysaccharide, which prevents hydrophobic compounds from entering the cells, thereby reducing the bacteriostatic effect [21]. In the process of agarwood formation, the infection of pathogenic bacteria causes the defense system of the Aquilaria Sinensis to resist external damage.…”

Antioxidants and chemical compounds of hot water extract agarwood leaves Wikstroemia tenuiramis Miq

“…The major ingredient with the highest concentration in agarwood leaves from Laru Village, type A. malaccensis Lamk, is octadecanoic acid (CAS) stearic acid [13]. The primary substances present in the ethanol extract of agarwood leaves of the A. malaccensis Lamk species are neophytadiene and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester compounds [14].…”