Bioactive fraction from Plumeria obtusa L. attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages: LC/QToF-MS and molecular docking

Abstract

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract (TE) of Plumeria obtusa L. (aerial parts) and its fractions were evaluated in vitro, and active fraction was evaluated in vivo. Among tested extracts, dichloromethane fraction (DCM-F) exhibited the strongest inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The effect of DCM-F on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice was studied. The animals were divided into five groups (n = 7) randomly; Gp I: negative control, GP II: positive control (LPS group), GP III: standard (dexamethasone, 2 mg/kg b.wt), GP IV and V: DCM-F (100 mg/kg), and DEM-F (200 mg/kg), respectively. DCM-F at a dose of 200 mg/kg suppressed the ability of LPS to increase the levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), as measured by ELISA. In addition, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was reduced (determined by immunohistochemistry) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased while that of catalase was restored to the normal values. Furthermore, the histopathological scores of inflammation induced by LPS were reduced. Twenty-two compounds were tentatively identified in DCM-F using LC/ESI-QToF with iridoids, phenolic derivatives and flavonoids as major constituents. Identified compounds were subjected to two different molecular docking processes against iNOS and prostaglandin E synthase-1 target receptors. Notably, protoplumericin A and 13-O-coumaroyl plumeride were the most promising members compared to the co-crystallized inhibitor in each case. These findings suggested that DCM-F attenuates the LPS-induced ALI in experimental animals through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential.

Plumieride as a novel anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory iridoid against superficial candidiasis in mice

“…Lotankar et al (2016) showed that the ethanolic extract of P. obtusa markedly reduced the inflammation in carrageenan-induced toxicity in rats [ 53 ]. Another study reported that aerial parts of Plumeria obtusa have anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced pneumonia in mice through their ability to decrease the release of inflammatory cytokines [ 12 ]. Boeing et al, proved that plumieride could attenuate ulcerative colitis through its strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [ 54 ].…”

“…We recently reported that the methanolic extract of the leaves and plumieride-type iridoids isolated thereof demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative strains; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) [ 11 ]. According to the results of molecular docking studies, 13- O -coumaroyl plumieride was found to exhibit superior binding affinity for both iNOS and prostaglandin E synthase-1 target receptors and suggest its potential for targeting and modulating the activity of both enzymes [ 12 ].…”

A Comprehensive Overview of Organ Inflammatory Responses: Genesis, Possible Mechanisms, and Mediators of Inflammation

“…The cytokine family includes chemoattractant chemokines, which are released proteins that control the immune system. 13 Cytokines are produced and secreted by a wide range of cells, including immune cells such as macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and other stromal cells. 14 In a signal induction cascade, numerous genes and the transcription factors that regulate them may be activated or inhibited, leading to the generation of further cytokines.…”