Bioactive Glass Efficacy in the Periodontal Healing of Intrabony Defects in Monkeys

Abstract

The purpose of this study was the histomorphologic analysis of the efficacy of bioactive glass particles with a narrow size range (Biogran) in the periodontal healing of 2-wall intrabony defects in monkeys. The 2-wall defects were made in the mesial area of the left and right second premolars of four monkeys, filled with gutta-percha and, after 15 days, they were debrided and either naturally filled with coagulum (control) or implanted with bioactive glass (test). In the control sites, the junctional epithelium migrated up to the base of the defect. The presence of newly formed cementum was more significant in the test defects. Both control and test sites showed newly formed bone at the base of the defect. The test defects presented foci of newly formed bone around and within the glass particles localized in the middle third, distant from the defect walls. Histologic analysis showed that the 300-to 355-µm bioactive glass particles aided new periodontal insertion. In conclusion, the tested bioactive glass had better healing potential than debridement only. The graft material showed a promising inhibition of apical migration of the junctional epithelium and greater cementum deposition on the radicular surface of the intrabony defects. The replacement of bioactive glass particles by new bone occurred due not only to an osteoconductive property, but also to an osteostimulatory capacity. Future investigations should evaluate this potential comparatively or together with other grafting materials, regenerative techniques and biological modifiers, as well as assess the longitudinal stability of the new attachment.

Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Bioactive Glass in Rat Calvarium Defects

“…19 16 The specimen from rat cranium (Periosteum site). 20 17 The specimen from rat cranium ( dura site).…”

“…Bioactive glasses possess both osteointegrative, osteoconductive properties and osteostimulatory capacity. 16,17 The basis of the bonding property of bioactive glasses in their chemical reactivity in body (tissue) fluids, a series of chemical reactions occurs, which results in the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer to which bone can bond. Three general processes are leaching, dissolution and precipitation.…”

“…26 Histologic studies in animals have shown that bioactive glass implanted in nonperiodontal sites is biocompatible and incorporates into the bone tissue thus producing an alkaline pH at the implantation site. 16 Animal studies using the primate model demonstrate bone apposition in direct contact to particles of bioactive glass. The effect of bioactive glass on cellular activity observed in tissue culture studies may contribute to the inhibition of epithelial downgrowth noted in the repair of bony defects in a primate model.…”

Bone Substitutes used in Dentistry

“…The clinical applicability of bioactive glass was studied in several clinical and animals studies indicating its use as filling material for maxillary sinus lifting procedures (Tadjoedin et al, 2000(Tadjoedin et al, , 2002Cardioli et al, 2001) in order to preserve the quantity of neoformed bone in alveolus after tooth extraction (Teófilo et al, 2004), defects or dehiscence (Cancian et al), in implants after extractions, aiding in implant stability, and periodontal bone defects (Schepers et al, 1993;Villaça et al 2005).…”

Biomaterials for periodontal regeneration

“…Using a periodontal defect model in monkeys, the new bone formation on the bioactive glass particles were located distant from the defect walls 56 . It was thought that there was an active deposit of osteoid matrix directly on the surface of the particles, which is different from osteoindution or osteoconduction and acts as nuclei for subsequent bone repair.…”