Bioactive glass incorporation in calcium phosphate cement-based injectable bone substitute for improved in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo bone regeneration

Abstract

In this work, we fabricated injectable bone substitutes modified with the addition of bioactive glass powders synthesized via ultrasonic energy-assisted hydrothermal method to the calcium phosphate-based bone cement to improve its biocompatibility. The injectable bone substitutes was initially composed of a powder component (tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium sulfate dehydrate) and a liquid component (citric acid, chitosan and hydroxyl-propyl-methyl-cellulose) upon which various concentrations of bioactive glass were added: 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. Setting time and compressive strength of the injectable bone substitutes were evaluated and observed to improve with the increase of bioactive glass content. Surface morphologies were observed via scanning electron microscope before and after submersion of the samples to simulated body fluid and increase in apatite formation was detected using x-ray diffraction machine. In vitro biocompatibility of the injectable bone substitutes was observed to improve with the addition of bioactive glass as the proliferation/adhesion behavior of cells on the material increased. Human gene markers were successfully expressed using real time-polymerase chain reaction and the samples were found to promote cell viability and be more biocompatible as the concentration of bioactive glass increases. In vivo biocompatibility of the samples containing 0% and 30% bioactive glass were evaluated using Micro-CT and histological staining after 3 months of implantation in male rabbits' femurs. No inflammatory reaction was observed and significant bone formation was promoted by the addition of bioactive glass to the injectable bone substitute system.

Physico-chemical and in vitro cellular properties of different calcium phosphate-bioactive glass composite chitosan-collagen (CaP@ChiCol) for bone scaffolds

“…Calcium phosphate and bioactive glass are two such materials and their application as bone tissue engineering materials has been investigated . Combining these two materials has the potential for enhancing the physicochemical properties which would lead to better biological performances . The reason for considering such composite is that their properties would be an excellent combination of the bioactivity, osteoconductivity of the bioceramics, and the flexibility and shape controllability of the polymers.…”

A Comprehensive Study of Osteogenic Calcium Phosphate Silicate Cement: Material Characterization and In Vitro/In Vivo Testing

“…Materials Preparation and Characterization-Materials Preparation : Calcium silicate powder, containing 50 wt% dicalcium silicate ((CaO) 2 SiO 2 ) and 50 wt% tricalcium silicate ((CaO) 3 SiO 2 ), was generously provided by Innovative BioCeramix (Vancouver, Canada). Monocalcium phosphate (5, 10, and 15 wt%) was commercially obtained from Fisher Chemical (USA) and mixed with calcium silicate powder.…”

“…[ 10 ] Compressive strengths of hardened bioactive glass (a source of Si)-added CPC was increased compared to Si-free CPC. [ 3,6 ] In addition, Si-added CPC demonstrated improved in vitro and in vivo osteoconduction. [ 6,8 ] Another approach to formulate CPSC is to incorporate monocalcium phosphate (MCP) into calcium silicate cement (CSC).…”

“…[ 1 ] Unlike preshaped prostheses, injectable bone cement can be implanted via minimally invasive surgery to fi t irregularly shaped bone fractures. [ 3 ] A recent metaanalysis found that the use of bone cement can signifi cantly reduce pain after surgery and prevent further fractures. [ 4 ] The most common and clinically used calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is able to transform into hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) under physiological conditions, which forms an apatite layer at the tissue-implant interface and promotes osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells into osteoblast cells.…”

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Composite Scaffold of BCP, Bioglass and Gelatin for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…5,6) These advantages make BGs promising scaffold materials for tissue engineering. 7) However the mechanical strength of this ceramic alone is not sufficient as bone tissue regeneration template. There are several techniques for the preparation of BG.…”