Bioactive molecules as authenticity markers of Italian Chinotto (Citrus×myrtifolia) fruits and beverages

Protti, Michele; Valle, Francesco; Poli, Ferruccio; Raggi, Maria Augusta; Mercolini, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.024

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Zhang et al [8] studied the quercetin content in six wild Chinese mandarins (Dakengyeju, Nieduyeju, banyeshengjuzi No.2, Tugan, Jinju, Xichuanzhoupigan), and found that their content varied from 0.07 to 0.86 mg/g DW. Protti et al [13] found that the quercetin content in exocarp of Chinotto fruit (5.14 ± 0.04μg/g) was higher than those of whole fruit and endocarp [13].…”

Section: Flavonolsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, Protti et al [13] reported that the content of catechins in Chinotto whole fruit, exocarp and endocarp were 0.72±0.05, 0.39±0.03, 0.31±0.03μg/g, respectively.…”

Section: Flavonolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myricetin is an another natural flavonol. Protti et al [13] found that the total myricetin of Chinotto fruit (Citrus × myrtifolia) was higher than those of exocarp and endocarp, the value was about 3.84 ± 0.05 µg/g. Quercetin is a flavonol widely found in many fruits.…”

Section: Flavonolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>Citrus</i> Flavonoids and Human Cancers

Ke¹,

Pan²,

Xu³

et al. 2015

JFNR

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Nowadays cancers pose a great threat to the health of human beings. Based on studies on the flavonoids and other bioactive compounds of Citrus fruits in current literature, it was widely suggested that the consumption of Citrus fruits is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases including cancers. In the past decades, the study concerning Citrus flavonoids has covered various areas including the type, content and distribution of flavonoids in fruits; their variation between wild and cultivated genotypes; their antioxidant, antiinflammation, anti-aging, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities. To enlighten future Citrus germplasm study, this review introduces briefly the functions of main types of Citrus flavonoids, including antioxidant, antiinflammation and anti-aging activities, and their relationships to human cancers. Most importantly, the mechanisms of action by which Citrus flavonoids play their roles in human cancer prevention and treatment were summarized.

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Section: Flavonolsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In addition, Protti et al [13] reported that the content of catechins in Chinotto whole fruit, exocarp and endocarp were 0.72±0.05, 0.39±0.03, 0.31±0.03μg/g, respectively.…”

Section: Flavonolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>Citrus</i> Flavonoids and Human Cancers

Ke¹,

Pan²,

Xu³

et al. 2015

JFNR

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“…Despite its many applications and its taxonomically close relationship to bergamot ( Citrus bergamia Risso) [ 19 , 20 ], whose beneficial effects on inflammation and inflammatory-related disorders are being recognized [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], there appear to be no documented studies on the potential anti-inflammatory properties of chinotto. Moreover, although the composition of different parts of the chinotto plant has been reported [ 18 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], including that of the essential oil of the peels [ 32 , 33 ], the effect of fruit maturation on the essential oil profile and on potential differences in bioactivity seems to be neglected thus far. These starting points prompted us to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging potential of essential oils from the peels of chinotto and to evaluate the effects of maturation on the bioactivity and on the composition of volatile compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Properties of Chinotto (Citrus myrtifolia Raf.) Essential Oils

et al. 2018

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Chinotto (Citrus myrtifolia Raf.) is a widely diffused plant native from China and its fruits have a wide-spread use in confectionary and drinks. Remarkably, only little has been reported thus far on its bioactive properties, in contrast to those of the taxonomically related bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso). The present study aimed to investigate potential in vitro anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties of chinotto essential oils (CEOs) and to establish to what extent their composition and bioactivities are dependent on maturation. Essential oil from half ripe chinotto (CEO2) reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inflammatory genes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264,7 macrophages. Limonene, linalool, linalyl acetate, and γ-terpinene were found to be the main components in CEO2. Moreover, CEO2 showed high radical scavenging activity measured as Trolox equivalents (TE) against both 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS). These findings show that chinotto essential oil represents a valuable part of this fruit and warrants further in vivo studies to validate its anti-inflammatory potential.

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“…Many authors ascribe the antifungal effect of CEOs to the presence of volatile compounds, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. 3 Citrus bergamia Risso (bergamot) is a hybrid between bitter orange (C aurantium L.) and lemon (C limon L. Burm.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of volatiles in juices and essential oils from minor Citrus fruits (Rutaceae)

Giovanelli

Ciccarelli

Giusti

et al. 2020

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Citrus Essential Oils (CEOs) from the peel of six minor Citrus fruits (C. bergamia 'Castagnaro,' 'Fantastico,' and 'Femminello,' C. × myrtifolia, C. mitis, and C. japonica) were obtained by hydrodistillation and cold hand pressing of the flavedo to investigate their volatile constituents and antimycotic activities. The volatile compounds present in the juices of the same fruits, obtained by manual squeezing of the endocarps, were evaluated by direct immersion and Solid Phase Micro Extraction. Monoterpenes were identified as the main class of components in all the six CEOs. Limonene was the most abundant compound, while BEOs (Bergamot Essential Oils) changed its composition according to the different extraction method and the fruit varieties. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of the matrix taxa x chemical compounds showed that five chemical compounds had a significant discriminative function among the samples: high amounts of limonene characterized the cluster of C japonica, C. × myrtifolia, and C mitis, while the group of three cultivars of C bergamia differed in its predominance of linalool and linalyl acetate. Furfural and 4-terpineol were identified in the highest amounts in the Citrus juices analyzed by direct immersion. BEO obtained by hydrodistillation of C bergamia 'Fantastico' was the most active in the antifungal tests. The antimycotic activity of C japonica EOs against dermatophytic species was also demonstrated. Based on our results, the use of these products would appear an interesting alternative in producing topical herbal products for the treatment of affected animals or for the purpose of environmental fungal control.

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Bioactive molecules as authenticity markers of Italian Chinotto (Citrus×myrtifolia) fruits and beverages

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

<i>Citrus</i> Flavonoids and Human Cancers

<i>Citrus</i> Flavonoids and Human Cancers

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Properties of Chinotto (Citrus myrtifolia Raf.) Essential Oils

Comparative assessment of volatiles in juices and essential oils from minor Citrus fruits (Rutaceae)

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