Bioactive omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.007

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The observation findings in the present study are broadly consistent with those in previous observational studies, in which O3FAs were found to be inversely associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 when comparing patients to individuals with an unknown COVID-19 status [45][46][47]. However, this is the first time in an unvaccinated Mexican population, which showed highly incidence of severe cases and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This study delineates the multifarious ramifications of O3FA supplementation on the immunological and metabolic landscape in COVID-19 patients with a population-recommended dose aimed to satisfy human physiological requirements in a short time [45][46][47][48][49][50]. The data substantiate the nuanced modulation of key inflammatory and coagulative markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…It could mitigate the cytokine storm frequently observed in severe COVID-19 cases, related to disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and death [46]. Hemoglobin levels also exhibited a significant decrease post-O3FA supplementation, which could be attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of O3FAs affecting erythropoiesis [47,51]. Additionally, well-established biomarkers, such as procalcitonin, D-dimer, and the BUN/CR ratio, were attenuated post-O3FA administration, signifying a systemic modulation of both inflammatory and coagulative responses [48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The role of O3FAs in modulating inflammation, cellular membrane fluidity, and macrophage function is particularly rich and nuanced [45,48]. They can also reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by suppressing and inhibiting the progression of viral infections [45] and the development of critical symptoms [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Improving the Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles of Mexican Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19

Rodríguez-Vera,

Salazar,

Soriano-Ursúa

et al. 2024

Diseases

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Background and Objectives: The development of severe COVID-19 is related to the preexistence of comorbidities and an inadequate nutritional status. The latter is a critical factor for the development of infection and the progression of the disease. Notably, optimal nutrition impacts immune system function, as malnutrition is related to high cytokine levels in the late phase of the disease, correlating with a poor prognosis. In this sense, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. O3FAs are linked to a better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we evaluate the administration of O3FAs to unvaccinated Mexican patients for two weeks starting after the first two hours of hospitalization. Results: The findings support the notion that O3FAs (in a dose high enough to satisfy human physiological requirements in a short time, one capsule of 1.4 g O3FAs daily) exert a comprehensive multi-systemic modulatory influence, affecting inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Significant perturbations in biomarkers, including absolute neutrophil count, hematocrit, and platelet indices, underscore the compound’s anti-inflammatory effect. Concurrently, the intervention modulates pivotal metabolic and hepatic parameters, attenuating cardiovascular risk profiles and expediting patient convalescence. These multifarious effects are likely orchestrated through intricate biochemical mechanisms and are subject to individual variations predicated on metabolic factors. Conclusions: The results of this trial support the notion that O3FA supplementation has beneficial effects on COVID-19 patients with moderate presentation by regulating metabolism and limiting inflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Improving the Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles of Mexican Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19

Rodríguez-Vera,

Salazar,

Soriano-Ursúa

et al. 2024

Diseases

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“…EPA and DHA influence muscle protein turnover in ways that suggest that they help to promote maintenance of muscle mass in aging, disease and times of immobilisation [21,22 ]. A number of recent studies have reported an inverse association between intake or status of EPA and DHA and risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and severity of COVID-19 [35 & -37 & ], as discussed elsewhere [38]. Many national and international agencies have made recommendations for daily intake of EPA and DHA, typically between 200 and 1000 mg/day (see [1]); such recommendations are based mainly on the literature around cardioprotection but are designed to promote general good health in the population in recognition of the broad range of effects of these fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative sources of bioactive omega-3 fatty acids: what are the options?

Baker

2023

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review The very-long chain (VLC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promote optimal development, physiological function and healthy ageing and help to manage disease. EPA and DHA are sourced mainly from fish, which is not sustainable. This review explores alternative sustainable sources. Recent findings Recent research confirms that higher intake and status of EPA and DHA are associated with health benefits including lower risk of incident type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease mortality. Meta-analyses confirm benefits of intravenous EPA and DHA in hospitalized adults. Algal oils and seed oils from some genetically modified (GM) plants are sources of EPA and DHA. An oil from GM camelina showed equivalence with fish oil in human trials. Ahiflower oil, a source of stearidonic acid, had biological effects in experimental studies that might translate into health benefits. An intravenous lipid emulsion based on Ahiflower oil has been tested in experimental research. Pine nut oil (PNO) is a source of pinolenic acid, which is not an omega-3 PUFA but has similar actions. Summary Algal oils, oils from GM seed crops, Ahiflower oil and other sources of stearidonic acid, and nonomega-3 oils including PNO, are plant-sourced sustainable alternatives to fish-sourced VLC omega-3 PUFAs.

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Gut microbiome and clinical and lifestyle host factors associated with recurrent positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2

Jiménez-Arroyo,

Molinero,

Sabater

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 are still active in the population. Some patients remained PCR-positive for more than 4 weeks, called “persistently PCR-positive”. Recent evidence suggests a link between the gut microbiota and susceptibility to COVID-19, although no studies have explored persistent PCR conditions. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between persistent positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, the gut microbiome, and individual host determinants.MethodsA shotgun metagenomic analysis was conducted on fecal samples from 28 individuals affected by COVID-19. Patients were divided into two groups: those who had cleared the virus within 30 days (designated as the control group) (n = 15), and those who remained PCR-positive beyond 30 days (called the PCR+ group) (n = 13). We also investigated the correlation between prolonged viral clearance and several additional factors, including clinical parameters, immune responses, microbial metabolites, and dietary habits.ResultsThe composition and functionality of the microbiome varied based on the duration of positivity as determined by PCR. Compared to the control group, the persistent PCR+ group exhibited elevated pathogen levels and augmented diversity in functional gene families (p-value < 0.05). A multi-omics analysis integrating metagenomics, metabolites, and metadata also revealed the specific contribution of certain blood markers in this group, including basophils, IgM, IgG (both general and specific for SARS-CoV-2), and markers of liver damage. Unhealthy diet was identified as a significant factor influencing the duration of PCR positivity.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the gut microbiome may play a role in delayed viral clearance and persistent positive RT-PCR results. Our study also contributes to the understanding of the role of host factors as mediators linking the gut microbiota and disease outcomes. Further large-scale studies must confirm these data; however, they suggest the relevance of monitoring microbiome changes in the early post-viral years to control SARS-CoV-2 and providing individual healthcare support.

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Bioactive omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Improving the Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles of Mexican Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19

Effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Improving the Metabolic and Inflammatory Profiles of Mexican Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19

Alternative sources of bioactive omega-3 fatty acids: what are the options?

Gut microbiome and clinical and lifestyle host factors associated with recurrent positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2

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