Bioactive Peptides used by Bacteria in the Concur-Rence for the Ecological Niche: General Classification and Mode of Action (Overview)

Antibacterial activities of bacteriocins: application in foods and pharmaceuticals

“…According to translocation across the outer membrane (translocator) system, colicins are categorized into two groups: groups A and B (Table 1 ). Group A colicins use the Tol protein system (Tol system) to penetrate the outer membrane of sensitive bacteria, for example: colicins E1 to E9, colicin A, K, N… Group B barteriocins use the Ton system (Ton system) to penetrate the outer membrane of sensitive bacteria, for example: colicin 5, 10, B, D, M, V, Ia, Ib… (Dimov et al, 2005 ; Kleanthous, 2010 ). In the general, group A colicins are encoded on small plasmids with a lysis gene and can be released out of the bacteria, while group B colicins are encoded on large plasmids without a lysis gene (Cascales et al, 2007 ).…”

“…In Gram-positive bacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the typical bacteria producing a variety of bacteriocins of different sizes, structures, physicochemical properties, and inhibitory spectrum. Due to the large diversity of bacteriocins, some investigations show different ways to classify bacteriocins from Gram-positive bacteria (Dimov et al, 2005 ; Cotter et al, 2013 ). The Gram-positive bacteriocins are generally divided into class I (modified peptides, lantibiotics), class II (unmodified peptides, non-lanthionine), and class III (large proteins, heat unstable) (Table 3 ).…”

Isolation and characterization of large spectrum and multiple bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium strain from raw bovine milk

“…As many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains are assigned the ‘generally recognized as safe’ (GRAS) status in food applications (Dimov et al . ), use of these strains or of the antimicrobial substances produced by GRAS LAB in food preservation is particularly attractive (Ghrairi et al . ).…”

A Preliminary Characterization of a Novel Bacteriocin-Like Substance fromEnterococcus DurumM-3

“…Several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and particularly species belonging to the genus Enterococcus are known to produce and secrete into the medium bacteriocins. Usually they are small cationic peptide toxins with bactericid activity, in most cases against closely related species, which enable them to occupy their ecological recesses (1,2). Many of these are non-pathogen nutrient microorganisms which are interesting because they are capable to prevent spoilage of such foods as yogurts, cheeses, smoked sausages etc.…”