Bioactivities of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Rhodococcus Qingshengii Strain Bjc15-A38 an Endophyte of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the antidiabetic activities of the ethyl acetate-methanol (4:1) extract (EA) of Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 supernatant. Methods:In vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assays, were used to determine the antidiabetic activity of EA (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 μg/ml). Also, the total phenol content of the extract was determined, followed by understanding the mode of α-amylase inhibition. Results:The crude extract from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. endophytic actinomycete Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 was found to have significant inhibition against α-amylase (IC50 = 65.93 µg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 929.56 µg/ml). The total phenol content of the crude was found to be 97.25±6.47 and 15.40±0.43 mg/g of the extract in terms of catechol and gallic acid equivalents respectively. Purification of the extract was carried out using silica gel column chromatography. Kinetic analysis revealed the mixed competitive with mixed competitive of inhibition towards α-amylase. Conclusion:The findings suggest that the extract of Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 possesses antidiabetic effects. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the highest cause of deaths among other chronic diseases [1]. Type-2 diabetes is complicated by several factors inherent in the disease process, routinely, insulin resistance, hyper-insulinemia, impaired insulin secretion and reduced insulinmediated glucose uptake and utilization. Oxidative stress occurs at an early stage in diabetes, preceding the appearance of complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, blindness, impotence, and gangrene [2]. DM thus cannot be cured but can be controlled through maintenance of blood glucose levels within normal ranges (80-120 mg/dl).Herbal and natural products of folk medicine have been used for millennia in every culture throughout the world. In Indian traditional medicinal system, the use of Azadirachta indica for centuries is such an example. The bark, seeds, leaves, fruit, extracts and oils of A. indica tree contain pharmacological constituents which offer some impressive therapeutic qualities, like anti-helminthic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antipyretic and anti-tumor activities [3][4][5][6]. Further, it leads to regeneration of insulin-producing cells and a corresponding increase in the plasma insulin [7].Each and every part of A. indica has been reported to retain one or other form of microbiota [8][9][10]. The endophytes obtained from A. indica plant have been widely studied for their antimicrobial [4,10], anticancer [11] and insecticidal activities [12]. This validates the fact that endophytes sustain the properties which are existent in their host. Thus the present study targets to screen an endophytic actinomycete Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 from A. indica for its ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites against starch hydrolyzing enzymes.All the chemicals and reagents used in the investigation were of analytical grade. Alpha-amylase, ...

[Retracted] Endophytic Fungi and Secondary Metabolites of Rehmannia Glutinosa Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Fingerprints

“…Then, 50 μ L from the first row of wells was aspirated and added to the second row of wells and so on until the last row of wells. The wells with the extract solution added were placed in an incubator, and the morphology of oryzae spores was observed with a microscope [ 16 ].…”

Marsectohexol and other pregnane phytochemicals derived from Gongronema latifolium as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors: in vitro and molecular docking studies

“…Towards the phytochemical and biological characterization of GLB which may further support its nutritional and ethnopharmacological use in humans, several classes of phytochemicals such as: pregnanes, phytosterols, anthraquinones, and essential oils have been identified [20,[26][27][28]. Such phytochemicals, which are characterized by large-scale structures, are known to possess high efficiency and ability to bind to multifarious targets [29][30][31]. The current study employed in vitro and in silico techniques for screening isolated pregnanes phytochemicals alongside their source pregnane-rich extracts and chromatographic fractions derived from GLB for α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and sucrase enzyme inhibitory activities.…”