Bioactivity and Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds in Gastrointestinal Digestion of Tomato Bagasse Extracts

Abstract

A nutrient-rich diet is a key to improving the chemical signals, such as antioxidants, which modulate pathogens’ resistance in the gut and prevent diseases. A current industrial problem is the generation of undervalued by-products, such as tomato bagasse, which are rich in bioactive compounds and of commercial interest (carotenoids and phenolic compounds). This work analyzed the effect of gastrointestinal digestion on the bioactivity and bioaccessibility of carotenoids and phenolic compounds from tomato bagasse extracts. Thus, the extraction by ohmic heating (OH) technology was compared with conventional (organic solvents). The results showed that the main phenolic compounds identified by UPLC-qTOF-MS were p-coumaric acid, naringenin, and luteolin. A higher recovery index for total phenolic compounds throughout the gastrointestinal digestion was observed for OH while for carotenoids, a strong reduction after stomach conditions was observed for both extracts. Furthermore, colon-available fraction exhibited a prebiotic effect upon different Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, but a strain-dependent and more accentuated effect on OH. Thus, the extraction technology highly influenced bioaccessibility, with OH demonstrating a positive impact on the recovery of bioactive compounds and related health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, prebiotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Of these properties, the last is demonstrated here for the first time.

Self‐Assembled Nanocarrier Delivery Systems for Bioactive Compounds

“…[8] Even if BCs can reach the intestinal tract, their bioaccessibility is greatly reduced due to their hydrophobicity. [9] Some BCs used as drugs are often limited by multiple intestinal epithelial absorption barriers. It was reported that transcellular oral BCs must across the epithelium through three sequential cellular barriers including apical endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and basolateral exocytosis.…”

“…[ 8 ] Even if BCs can reach the intestinal tract, their bioaccessibility is greatly reduced due to their hydrophobicity. [ 9 ]…”

Simulated Digestion of Red Sea Cucumber (Parastichopus tremulus): A Study of Protein Quality and Antioxidant Activity

“…This suggests that consumption of sea cucumber could attenuate the ROS formation in the human body [17]. The availability of bioactive peptides in sea cucumbers could be increased through enzymatic hydrolysis [13,19] or released naturally during gastrointestinal digestion [20].…”

Changes in bioactive compounds present in beef burgers formulated with walnut oil gelled emulsion as a fat substitute during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

“…Not all of them, when consumed, can enter into the bloodstream and induce beneficial health effects. 14,15 For this reason, it is very important to know how these compounds are released from the matrix and are bioaccessible in the different phases of the digestive tract. 16 The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion system is a tool for investigating the behavior of bioactive compounds present in food products during human digestion.…”

“…However, in order for the food to exert a beneficial effect on health, the bioactive compounds present must be able to withstand food processing and be bioavailable. Not all of them, when consumed, can enter into the bloodstream and induce beneficial health effects 14,15 . For this reason, it is very important to know how these compounds are released from the matrix and are bioaccessible in the different phases of the digestive tract 16 .…”