Bioactivity and bone healing properties of biomimetic porous composite scaffold:In vitroandin vivostudies

Abstract

Tissue engineering (TE) represents a valid alternative to traditional surgical therapies for the management of bone defects that do not regenerate spontaneously. Scaffolds, one of the most important component of TE strategy, should be biocompatible, bioactive, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological properties and bone regeneration ability of a porous poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold, incorporating MgCO3 -doped hydroxyapatite particles, uncoated (PCL_MgCHA) or coated by apatite-like crystals via biomimetic treatment (PCL_MgCHAB). It was observed that both scaffolds are not cytotoxic and, even if cell viability was similar on both scaffolds, PCL_MgCHAB showed higher alkaline phosphatase and collagen I (COLL I) production at day 7. PCL_MgCHA induced more tumor necrosis factor-α release than PCL_MgCHAB, while osteocalcin was produced less by both scaffolds up to 7 days and no significant differences were observed for transforming growth factor-β synthesis. The percentage of new bone trabeculae growth in wide defects carried out in rabbit femoral distal epiphyses was significantly higher in PCL_MgCHAB in comparison with PCL_MgCHA at 4 weeks and even more at 12 weeks after implantation. This study highlighted the role of a biomimetic composite scaffold in bone regeneration and lays the foundations for its future employment in the clinical practice.

In-Situ Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Coatings to Improve the Bioactive Properties of Ti6Al4V Substrates

“…The obtained results demonstrated that the presence of hydrophilic nanocomposite coating with higher HA content (CS/60 wt.% HA) in the SBF solution provided more nucleation sites and might accelerate the apatite mineralization and suggesting a good bioactivity [ 61 ]. It has been reported that the bioactive coatings could promote an attachment of bone to the implant and improved osseointegration between implant and host tissue [ 62 , 63 ]. These findings suggested that increased bond strength and accelerated osteoconductivity are very important aspects of CS/HA coated implant applications.…”

Application of 3D printing technology in bone tissue engineering

“…Therefore, many scientists and technician have improved the osteoinductivity of bone scaffolds, by changing their physical and chemical properties or by incorporating biological constitute into the scaffolds [12]. Moreover, the porosity and pore topology structure of bone scaffolds can be modified, to enhance the osteoconductivity [13,14].…”

Bionic Design, Materials and Performance of Bone Tissue Scaffolds

“…Therefore, many scholars have improved the osteoinductivity of bone scaffolds, by changing their physical and chemical properties or by incorporating bone supplements into the scaffolds [ 17 ]. Moreover, the porosity and pore structure of bone scaffolds can be adjusted to enhance the osteoconductivity [ 18 , 19 ].…”